The Deep Roots of Economic Development in the U.S. States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan H Murphy ◽  
Alex Nowrasteh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Maritime unions and the U.S. merchant marine

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Richard L Clarke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Union Wage ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The U.S

U.S. maritime unions have played a vital historical role in both the defense and the economic development of the United States. The economic and the political forces that helped shape and promote the growth of U.S. seafaring labor unions changed dramatically in the 1990s. Maritime union membership in the United States has fallen by more than 80 per cent since 1950. Inflexible union work rules and high union wage scales have contributed to this decline. Recent regulatory and industry changes require a new union approach if U. S. maritime unions are to survive the next decade.

scholarly journals Does wage reflect labor productivity? A comparison between Brazil and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE GORI MAIA ◽  
ARTHUR SAKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Productivity Differentials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The study compares the relationship between wages and labor productivity for different categories of workers in Brazil and in the U.S. Analyses highlight to what extent the equilibrium between wages and productivity is related to the degree of economic development. Wages in the U.S. has shown to be more attached to labor productivity, while Brazil has experienced several economic cycles were average earnings grew initially much faster than labor productivity, suddenly falling down in the subsequent years. Analyses also stress how wage differentials, in fact, match productivity differentials for certain occupational groups, while for others they do not.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Factors Influencing the International Technology Transfer Based on ISM Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shouwu ◽  
Xia Yong ◽  
Li Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
International Technology Transfer ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Development Level

<p>The technology is not only an indispensable element involved in international trade, but also an important factor affecting the comparative advantage and trade patterns in international trade. Based on predecessors’ research and practice experience, this dissertation selects 20 factors to study the influencing factors, such as international technology transfer, the construction of infrastructure, the complexity of technological progress, economic development level and so on. By using the ISM model, the paper studies the correlation and gradation of influencing factors of international technology transfer. The analysis indicates there are 4 direct factors on surface and. 6 factors on path: the applicability and negotiability of the technology, international technology transfer intermediary. 3 direct factors: the construction of infrastructure. 5 indirect factors: environment changes of international economy, the complexity of technological progress. 2 factors in deep roots: economic development level and changes of industrial structure. Based on this, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from five aspects. Meanwhile, it provides certain references to improve the international technology transfer level, promote using international technology transfer to improve technology level, and upgrade the industrial structure.</p>

scholarly journals The Impossible Dream: Scientism as Strategy against Distrust of Social Science at the U.S. National Science Foundation, 1945–1980

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-238
Author(s):  
Mark Solovey
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Science ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The U.S

Distrust of the social sciences has deep roots in American politics, science, and culture. This article examines how distrust became a serious issue in the nuclear age by focusing on the U.S. National Science Foundation’s involvement with the social sciences from 1945 to 1980. I propose, first, that in this context distrust of NSF’s social science activities came in two forms, which rested on two different sources of doubt. Epistemological Distrust stemmed from doubts about the scientific status of the social sciences. Social Distrust involved worries about the social relevance and policy uses of the social sciences. Second, I propose that efforts to address and contain these two types of distrust played a major role in NSF’s elaboration of a view of the social sciences and corresponding strategy for funding them that I will refer to as Scientism, which assumed a unified scientific framework that took an idealized conception of the natural sciences as the gold standard.

scholarly journals Geography, Climate, and Genes in Development Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S46-S51
Author(s):  
Robert Klitgaard ◽  
Johannes W Fedderke ◽  
Valerio Napolioni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
First Time

Abstract Over the coming decade, much more genetic data will enter into the study of economic development. This paper provides an example and emphasizes the uses and misuses of such information. It has assembled for the first time national frequencies of the ACP1 genetic polymorphism and the Interleukin-6 (IL6-174G) and Interleukin-10 (IL10-1082G) cytokines. These three respond over the centuries to ultraviolet radiation and infectious diseases. The study also looks at a national measure of heterozygotic diversity. In particular, it finds that ACP1 frequencies are significantly related to national outcomes ranging from GDP per capita to type and quality of governance, to measures of national “competitiveness,” to health, to fertility, to measures of satisfaction with life. These associations do not seem explainable by reverse causation nor by the influence of some of the usual variables in studies of long-run development. Nonetheless, these results do not mean that a few genes have a direct causal effect on world development. The ACP1*B variable is surely picking up the influences of many genetic and cultural adaptations over evolutionary time in response to ultraviolet exposure and pathogen burdens. This study's findings thus support other research indicating the importance of disease environments in shaping both genetic and sociocultural adaptations that have influence on development outcomes today. The paper concludes with a discussion of what such strong associations mean and do not mean, in hopes of guiding future studies of genes and other deep roots of economic development.

Push/Pull in Recent Mexican Migration to the U.S.

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Alien Invasion ◽  
The U.S

Interpretations of the “alien invasion” of illegal Mexican immigrants center around two positions: a “push” and a “pull” theory. Treating the migration as a labor migration, a set of hypotheses is tested dealing with economic conditions in the U.S. and Mexico for the 1948–1972 period. The “push” of conditions in Mexico accounts better for the migration than the “pulls” of economic opportunity in the U.S. The out-migration is traced to institutional changes deriving from economic development in Mexico, especially to governmental policies fostering private agricultural development and discouraging peasant agriculture.

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