Economic Governance Series II - The Strength of Competition Policy and Regulation in the Arab Region

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Sumpf ◽  
Vladimir Isaila
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Strength Of Competition

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GOVERNANCE IN THE ARAB REGION — A REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE TO PRIORITIZE POLICY CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050006 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUNIR MAHMALAT ◽  
DENISE SUMPF
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Priority Policy ◽  
Research And Policy

The “Arab Spring” drew attention worldwide to the dire socio-economic conditions in many Arab countries. Efforts to explain, address and resolve these challenges led to a surge in both academic research as well as a plethora of policy recommendations from very different perspectives. By focusing on a crucial area for employment and growth in the Arab region — economic governance and entrepreneurship — the present paper consolidates the vast research and policy recommendations available based on a ‘best evidence’ approach and identifies three priority policy challenges to facilitate entrepreneurship: competition policy, access to finance and entrepreneurial education. We argue that improvement of economic governance tailored to improve these policy areas is a crucial lever for promoting entrepreneurship and creating employment in Arab countries. Highlighting interdependences between these areas, we derive a set of recommendations for each of the identified policy challenges.

The Simple Economics of Wholesale Price-Parity Agreements: The Case of the Airline Tickets Distribution Industry*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Padilla ◽  
Salvatore Piccolo ◽  
Nadine Watson
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Global Distribution Systems ◽  
Airline Tickets ◽  
Strength Of Competition

Abstract This paper clarifies the differences between retail and wholesale price-parity agreements in vertical industries. In contrast to traditional wide and narrow retail price-parity arrangements, the competitive effects of wholesale price-parity depend on the complexity of the vertical supply chain, the business model operated by sellers and distributors, and the strength of competition between direct and indirect distribution channels. While retail price-parity agreements are almost always anticompetitive, wholesale price-parity agreements may positively affect consumer welfare when direct and indirect distribution channels are close substitutes. To demonstrate the relevance of our analysis for competition policy, we illustrate our findings by referring to an industry that has recently attracted policy and regulatory interest on both sides of the Atlantic: the airline ticket distribution industry. We find that, in this industry, while wholesale price-parity agreements always harm airlines, Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) have preferences more aligned with consumers: when consumers benefit from these provisions, GDSs benefit too. JEL: K21, L13, L40

Transforming the Economic Conversation in the Arab Region

1970 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Mansour Omeira
Keyword(s):  
Arab Region ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Development Paradigm

The Arab uprisings have laid bare the abyss between the rhetoric and reality of the dominant development paradigm in the region. It is widely agreed that socioeconomic discontent was a major cause of the uprisings. An early slogan raised at the start of the uprising in Tunisia was “employment is a right, you gang of thieves”. The slogan contrasted the denied universal right to employment with the actual accumulation of illicit privileges by a narrow minority.

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

Competition Policy and Price Fixing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Kaplow
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Oligopoly Theory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Error Costs ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Desirable Behavior

Throughout the world, the rule against price fixing is competition law's most important and least controversial prohibition. Yet there is far less consensus than meets the eye on what constitutes price fixing, and prevalent understandings conflict with the teachings of oligopoly theory that supposedly underlie modern competition policy. This book offers a fresh, in-depth exploration of competition law's horizontal agreement requirement, presents a systematic analysis of how best to address the problem of coordinated oligopolistic price elevation, and compares the resulting direct approach to the orthodox prohibition. The book elaborates the relevant benefits and costs of potential solutions, investigates how coordinated price elevation is best detected in light of the error costs associated with different types of proof, and examines appropriate sanctions. Existing literature devotes remarkably little attention to these key subjects and instead concerns itself with limiting penalties to certain sorts of interfirm communications. Challenging conventional wisdom, the book shows how this circumscribed view is less well grounded in the statutes, principles, and precedents of competition law than is a more direct, functional proscription. More important, by comparison to the communications-based prohibition, the book explains how the direct approach targets situations that involve both greater social harm and less risk of chilling desirable behavior—and is also easier to apply.

Cracking national integration after the events (the Arab Spring) and its impact On regional stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhannad Al Janabi Al Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Political Media ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Arab Spring

Since late 2010 and early 2011, the Arab region has witnessed mass protests in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Bahrain and other countries that have been referred to in the political, media and other literature as the Arab Spring. These movements have had a profound effect on the stability of the regimes Which took place against it, as leaders took off and contributed to radical reforms in party structures and public freedoms and the transfer of power, but it also contributed to the occurrence of many countries in an internal spiral, which led to the erosion of the state from the inside until it became a prominent feature of the Arab) as is the case in Syria, Libya, Yemen and Iraq.

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