Domestic Legislation and Australia's International Obligations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Azzi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
International Obligations

The Right to Freedom of Thought in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Frank Cranmer
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
The Right

Abstract The United Kingdom is bound by international obligations to uphold ‘the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion’ and domestic legislation reflects those obligations. The courts have held that to be protected, a belief must genuine, must not be a mere opinion, must attain a certain level of cogency, seriousness and importance and must be ‘worthy of respect in a democratic society’. How this plays out, however, in areas such as education, children’s rights and employment is highly sensitive to the specific facts of each case – which are often inconsistent, as the article explains. Much of the article examines the decisions of the courts in individual cases. It concludes with a discussion of the possible trajectory of domestic political debate at a time when there have been repeated calls for a ‘British Bill of Rights’ and the Westminster Government is questioning more generally the constitutional role of the judiciary.

scholarly journals New Zealand's Oceans Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Foster
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Policy Refinement

In light of recent Oceans Policy developments this paper proposes a legal and institutional framework for the management of New Zealand's oceans. It focuses on one key existing problem: the lack of a comprehensive, coherent framework for the sustainable management of the marine environment. The proposed framework addresses this issue by suggesting an overarching statute, based on the approach taken by the Resource Management Act, under which several layers of policy refinement and implementation create national consistency coexisting with localised solutions based on the purpose of sustainability and broad guiding principles. The proposal is consistent with New Zealand's international obligations, other domestic legislation and existing institutional structures. The paper concludes with a statement on the importance to our future well-being of developing a comprehensive and enduring Oceans Policy.

United Nations Member States' Obligations Towards the ICTY: Arresting and Transferring Lukic, Gotovina, and Zelenovic

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Vicente ◽  
Yolanda Gamarra
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Member States ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Legal Difficulties

AbstractFull and expedient cooperation of UN member States in the arrest and transfer of war criminals constitutes a key factor in addressing war crimes and providing redress to the victims. Through the analysis of three recent cases of arrests and transfers to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the authors show the legal difficulties and political considerations that some States face when implementing their international obligations to arrest and transfer. The three cases analyzed demonstrate that the arrest and transfer of war criminals is more likely to take place when State authorities are truly committed to cooperate, and act on that commitment by adopting specific domestic legislation to make the process of arresting and transferring smooth and transparent.

Criminalising Terrorist Offences and the Phenomenon of Foreign Terrorist Fighters at the Municipal Level without Defining Terrorism in International Law: Does the Trick Really Work?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-747
Author(s):  
Francesca Capone
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Present Article ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Domestic Level

Abstract Although terrorism does not represent a new concern, it keeps evolving and posing new challenges to both the international community and individual States. The efforts to adopt uniform and concerted actions, also in terms of new legal instruments, so far have produced varying and in some instances questionable results. One of the main issues is represented by the lack of a universally agreed-upon definition of terrorism, an issue that resonates also at the domestic level whenever States are called to implement further layers of the existing international counter-terrorism framework. The present article aims at discussing the problems that States face while adopting and enforcing international obligations to criminalise terrorist offences; most recently those connected to the foreign terrorist fighters (ftf s) phenomenon. This article will focus on Italy and it will analyse how the international norms to fight terrorism have been transposed in its domestic legislation and interpreted by its courts.

scholarly journals THE REFORM OF THE BRAZILIAN ANTI-DUMPING REGIME: A PARTIAL REVIEW OF THE DETERMINANTS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF DECREE 8,058/2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Pentiado Poerschke ◽  
Hélio Henkin ◽  
Ricardo Dias Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Middle Management ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Multilateral System

This study considers the development and reform of the anti-dumping regime in Brazil as a ratification example of the multilateral trading system proposed by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Brazil's history of leadership in the WTO Rounds, as well as its emergence among users of temporary barriers illustrates the fact that developing countries participate, with some success, in the endorsement and strengthening of the multilateral system itself. Using the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA) as a model for its own regulatory framework, this practice ensures that domestic legislation will have greater compliance to international obligations and avoid constraints via the Dispute Settlement Body. Finally, the case of Decree 8,058/2013 highlighted the importance that specialized agents in the middle management of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC) have in the management and improvement of the Brazilian public policy.

scholarly journals Legal Problems in the Implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment in Ukraine: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Mariya Krasnova ◽  
Juliia Krasnova ◽  
Liudmyla Golovko ◽  
Tetiana Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Eu

By signing the Aarhus Convention and the Association Agreement with the EU, Ukraine has committed itself to adapting domestic legislation conforming European standards concerning environmental impact assessment. To fulfill international obligations, the Law “On Environmental Impact Assessment” was adopted by Ukraine. However, under this law of Ukraine, not all objects and activities having impact on the environment are assessed for their environmental impact, but only those having a significant impact on the environment are assessed. The aim of this article is to analyse the legislation of Ukraine on environmental impact assessment, and to compare it with the EU legislation. Special attention is paid to the judicial practice being adopted while implementing the said law. With the help of a case study, the shortcomings of the Ukrainian legislation are analysed and highlighted.

THE ISSUE OF MINORS’S GUARDIANSHIP SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Евстафьева
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
The Given

В статье исследуются вопросы попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Проблема, поднимаемая автором настоящей статьи, многогранна, касается различных аспектов отбывания наказания несовершеннолетними в воспитательных колониях и требует комплексного исследования, способного ответить на определенно значимый вопрос: является ли колония законным представителем находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних со всеми вытекающими из статуса законных представителей последствиями. При этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику правового статуса лиц, отбывающих наказание в воспитательных колониях, которые, во-первых, являются несовершеннолетними, то есть не обладают дееспособностью в полном объеме и нуждаются в особой заботе, защите и представительстве, а во-вторых, осуждены за совершение тяжкого или особо тяжкого преступления, влекущего изоляцию от общества и определенные ограничения и лишения. Отечественное законодательство достаточно детально регламентирует особенности режима отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы несовершеннолетними, не определяя при этом статуса воспитательных колоний, кем они являются: воспитателями, попечителями или исключительно учреждениями исполнения наказаний. Между тем правильное понимание значения и роли воспитательной колонии в жизни находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних преступников, по мнению автора, поможет избежать ряда проблем, объективно складывающихся в учреждениях подобного рода. С этой точки зрения предлагаемая тема представляет интерес не только для ученых-теоретиков, но и для практиков - сотрудников соответствующих учреждений. Особо следует подчеркнуть, что исследований по данной тематике в специальной литературе нет. Отдельные исследования, встречающиеся в современной литературе, касаются исключительно общего гражданско-правового статуса несовершеннолетних осужденных. Однако это обстоятельство может свидетельствовать только о новизне данной темы, но никак не об отсутствии самой проблемы. The article analyzes the issues of the status of educational colonies as guardians of minors serving a sentence of imprisonment. In fact, the problem raised by the author of this article is multifaceted, concerns various aspects of the serving of punishment by minors in educational colonies and requires a comprehensive study that can answer, it seems, a definitely significant question: whether the colony is the legal representative of the minors in it with all the consequences arising from the status of legal representatives in the form of duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it seems, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the legal status of citizens serving sentences in educational colonies, who, firstly, are minors, i.e. do not have full legal capacity and need special care, protection and representation, and, secondly, are convicted of committing a serious or particularly serious crime, entailing isolation from society and certain restrictions and deprivation. Domestic legislation regulates in sufficient detail the peculiarities of the regime of serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by minors, without determining the status of educational colonies. Who are they: educators, Trustees or only institutions of execution of punishments. Meanwhile, the correct understanding of the importance and role of the educational colony in the life of juvenile offenders in it, according to the author, will help to avoid a number of problems that objectively develop in institutions of this kind. From this point of view, the proposed topic is of interest not only for theoretical scientists, but for practitioners-employees of relevant institutions. It should be emphasized that there are no studies on this subject in the special literature. However, this circumstance can testify only about novelty of the given subject, but in any way about absence of the problem. It seems that the relevance and importance of a problem is not always measured by the number of studies devoted to it. Sometimes these its traits are manifest only under particularly careful consideration.

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