scholarly journals On the Low-Frequency Relationship between Public Deficits and Inflation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kliem ◽  
Alexander Kriwoluzky ◽  
Samad Sarferaz
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Public Deficits

scholarly journals On the Low-Frequency Relationship Between Public Deficits and Inflation

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kliem ◽  
Alexander Kriwoluzky ◽  
Samad Sarferaz
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Public Deficits

Near-maximal voluntary hyperpnea and ventilatory muscle function

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1742-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Bai ◽  
B. J. Rabinovitch ◽  
R. L. Pardy
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expiratory Muscles ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Relationship Of

Because of its potential relevance to heavy exercise we studied the ventilatory muscle function of five normal subjects before, during, and after shortterm near-maximal voluntary normocapnic hyperpnea. Measurements of pleural and abdominal pressures and diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) during hyperpnea and of maximum respiratory pressures before and after hyperpnea were made at four levels of ventilation: 76, 79, and 86% maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and at MVV. Measurements of pleural and abdominal pressures and diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) during hyperpnea and of maximum respiratory pressures before and after hyperpnea were made. The pressure-stimulation frequency relationship of the diaphragm obtained by unilateral transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation was studied in two subjects before and after hyperpnea. Decreases in maximal inspiratory (PImax) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdimax) strength were recorded posthyperpnea at 76 and 79% MVV. Decreases in the pressure-frequency curves of the diaphragm and the ratio of high-to-low frequency power of the diaphragm EMG occurred in association with decreases in Pdimax. Analysis of the pressure-time product (P X dt) for the inspiratory and expiratory muscles individually indicated the increasing contribution of expiratory muscle force to the attainment of higher levels of ventilation. Demonstrable ventilatory muscle fatigue may limit endurance at high levels of ventilation.

scholarly journals Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Clark ◽  
A. J. West ◽  
R. G. Hilton ◽  
G. P. Asner ◽  
C. A. Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
Frequency Relationship

Abstract. In this study, we assess the geomorphic role of a rare, large-magnitude landslide event and consider the effect of this event on mountain forest ecosystems and the erosion of organic carbon in an Andean river catchment. Proximal triggers such as large rain storms are known to cause large numbers of landslides, but the relative effects of such low-frequency, high-magnitude events are not well known in the context of more regular, smaller events. We develop a 25 year duration, annual-resolution landslide inventory by mapping landslide occurrence in the Kosñipata Valley, Peru, from 1988 to 2012 using Landsat, Quickbird and Worldview satellite images. Catchment-wide landslide rates were high, at 0.076 % yr−1 by area, indicating landslides may completely turn over hillslopes every ~ 1320 years and strip 28 tC km−2 yr−1 of soil (73 %) and vegetation (27 %). A single rain storm in March 2010 accounted for 27 % of all landslide area observed during the 25 year study and removed 26 % of the organic carbon that was stripped from hillslopes by all landslides during the study. An approximately linear magnitude–frequency relationship for annual landslide areas suggests that large storms contribute an equivalent landslide failure area to the sum of smaller frequency landslides events occurring over the same period. However, the spatial distribution of landslides associated with the 2010 storm is distinct. On the basis of precipitation statistics and landscape morphology, we hypothesize that spatial focusing of storm-triggered landslide erosion at lower elevations in the Kosñipata catchment may be characteristic of longer-term patterns. These patterns may have implications for the source and composition of sediments and organic material supplied to river systems of the Amazon basin, and, through focusing of regular ecological disturbance, for the species composition of forested ecosystems in the region.

scholarly journals Low-frequency relationship between money growth and inflation in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Tastan ◽  
◽  
Sercin Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
Frequency Relationship

scholarly journals Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Clark ◽  
A. J. West ◽  
R. G. Hilton ◽  
G. P. Asner ◽  
C. A. Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Organic Carbon Flux ◽  
Frequency Relationship

Abstract. In this study, we assess the geomorphic role of a rare, large-magnitude landslide-triggering event and consider its effect on mountain forest ecosystems and the erosion of organic carbon in an Andean river catchment. Proximal triggers such as large rain storms are known to cause large numbers of landslides, but the relative effects of such low-frequency, high-magnitude events are not well known in the context of more regular, smaller events. We develop a 25-year duration, annual-resolution landslide inventory by mapping landslide occurrence in the Kosñipata Valley, Peru, from 1988 to 2012 using Landsat, QuickBird, and WorldView satellite images. Catchment-wide landslide rates were high, averaging 0.076 % yr−1 by area. As a result, landslides on average completely turn over hillslopes every  ∼  1320 years, although our data suggest that landslide occurrence varies spatially and temporally, such that turnover times are likely to be non-uniform. In total, landslides stripped 26 ± 4 tC km−2 yr−1 of organic carbon from soil (80 %) and vegetation (20 %) during the study period. A single rain storm in March 2010 accounted for 27 % of all landslide area observed during the 25-year study and accounted for 26 % of the landslide-associated organic carbon flux. An approximately linear magnitude–frequency relationship for annual landslide areas suggests that large storms contribute an equivalent landslide failure area to the sum of lower-frequency landslide events occurring over the same period. However, the spatial distribution of landslides associated with the 2010 storm is distinct. On the basis of precipitation statistics and landscape morphology, we hypothesise that focusing of storm-triggered landslide erosion at lower elevations in the Kosñipata catchment may be characteristic of longer-term patterns. These patterns may have implications for the source and composition of sediments and organic material supplied to river systems of the Amazon Basin, and, through focusing of regular ecological disturbance, for the species composition of forested ecosystems in the region.

scholarly journals The Low-Frequency Relationship of the Tropical–North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Teleconnections

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 3416-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Wook Yeh ◽  
Ben P. Kirtman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Noise ◽  
Sst Forcing ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The low-frequency relationship between interannual tropical and North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in observations and a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) is investigated. The authors use the interactive ensemble CGCM, which advances a new approach for artificially increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, making it easier to detect physical and dynamical links with much reduced interference by atmospheric noise. The results presented here suggest that decadal variations in the relationship between the dominant modes of tropical and North Pacific interannual SSTA variability result from changes of spatial manifestation of North Pacific SSTA, both in the observation and in the model. The authors conjecture that the details of tropical Pacific SST forcing ultimately determine the tropical–North Pacific SST teleconnections, and this conjecture is examined in a much longer time series from a CGCM simulation. There are two patterns of North Pacific interannual SSTA variability in the model. The first pattern is locally forced by noise in the surface air–sea fluxes associated due to internal atmospheric dynamics. The second pattern is remotely forced by tropical SSTA. As the relationship of tropical–North Pacific SST teleconnections varies in the model, the spatial manifestation of the North Pacific SSTA changes from the atmospheric noise-forced pattern to the remotely forced pattern and vice versa. In the model, the amplitude of the tropical Pacific SSTA variance varies on decadal time scales and this largely determines the dominant structure of North Pacific SSTA variability. Furthermore, the change in location of the maximum tropical SST forcing is associated with the changes in the spatial manifestation of North Pacific interannual SSTA variability.

Influence of muscle temperature on the contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle in humans with spinal cord injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. GERRITS ◽  
A. DE HAAN ◽  
M. T. E. HOPMAN ◽  
L. H. V. VAN DER WOUDE ◽  
A. J. SARGEANT
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Muscle Temperature ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Low muscle temperature in paralysed muscles of individuals with spinal cord injury may affect the contractile properties of these muscles. The present study was therefore undertaken to assess the effects of increased muscle temperature on the isometric contractile properties of electrically stimulated paralysed quadriceps muscles. When muscle temperature at a depth of 3 cm was increased from ∼32 °C to ∼36 °C by ultra-short-wave application, the half-relaxation time shortened and low-frequency force responses became less fused, but the maximal rate of increase in force remained unchanged. Heating had no effect upon either force decline or slowing of relaxation during fatiguing contractions. The force–frequency relationship of the paralysed quadriceps muscle was shifted to the right after the muscle was heated. Despite this shift, however, the relationship still resembled that in muscles of non-paralysed individuals, probably due to the unexplained high twitch forces. These results indicate that reduced muscle temperature in spinal-cord-injured individuals may lead to an underestimation of the changes in contractile properties in terms of relaxation rate or the degree of fusion with low-frequency stimulation. In addition, the force–frequency relationship of paralysed muscles does not accurately reflect the magnitude of these changes, even when the muscle is heated, and should therefore be treated with caution.

The low-frequency relationship between money, prices and income

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Serletis ◽  
Frank Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Relationship

A Study on the Fine Structure of the Lateral Line Organ of the Sea Eel

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
K. Hama
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Transmission Electron

The lateral line organs of the sea eel consist of canal and pit organs which are different in function. The former is a low frequency vibration detector whereas the latter functions as an ion receptor as well as a mechano receptor.The fine structure of the sensory epithelia of both organs were studied by means of ordinary transmission electron microscope, high voltage electron microscope and of surface scanning electron microscope.The sensory cells of the canal organ are polarized in front-caudal direction and those of the pit organ are polarized in dorso-ventral direction. The sensory epithelia of both organs have thinner surface coats compared to the surrounding ordinary epithelial cells, which have very thick fuzzy coatings on the apical surface.

Lectin Binding to Human Breast Tumor Cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Robert E. Nordquist ◽  
J. Hill Anglin ◽  
Michael P. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ricin Agglutinin

A human breast carcinoma cell line (BOT-2) was derived from an infiltrating duct carcinoma (1). These cells were shown to have antigens that selectively bound antibodies from breast cancer patient sera (2). Furthermore, these tumor specific antigens could be removed from the living cells by low frequency sonication and have been partially characterized (3). These proteins have been shown to be around 100,000 MW and contain approximately 6% hexose and hexosamines. However, only the hexosamines appear to be available for lectin binding. This study was designed to use Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus Communis (Ricin) agglutinin for the topagraphical localization of D-mannopyranosyl or glucopyranosyl and D-galactopyranosyl or DN- acetyl glactopyranosyl configurations on BOT-2 cell surfaces.

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