scholarly journals Work Experience from Paid Employment and the Path to Entrepreneurship: Business Takeover Versus New Venture Start-Up

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqian Xi ◽  
Jorn Hendrich Block ◽  
Frank Lasch ◽  
Frank Robert ◽  
Roy Thurik
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Start Up

Work experience from paid employment and entry mode to entrepreneurship: business takeover versus new venture start-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqian Xi ◽  
Jörn Block ◽  
Frank Lasch ◽  
Frank Robert ◽  
Roy Thurik
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Entry Mode ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Start Up

Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Early Career Immigration Constraints on New Venture Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajshree Agarwal ◽  
Martin Ganco ◽  
Joseph Raffiee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Specialized Human Capital ◽  
New Venture Formation

We examine how institutional factors may affect microlevel career decisions by individuals to create new firms by impacting their ability to exercise entrepreneurial preferences, their accumulation of human capital, and the opportunity costs associated with new venture formation. We focus on an important institutional factor—immigration-related work constraints—given that technologically intensive firms in the United States not only draw upon immigrants as knowledge workers but also because such firms are disproportionately founded by immigrants. We examine the implications of these constraints using the National Science Foundation’s Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System, which tracks the careers of science and engineering graduates from U.S. universities. Relative to natives, we theorize and show that immigration-related work constraints in the United States suppress entrepreneurship as an early career choice of immigrants by restricting labor market options to paid employment jobs in organizational contexts tightly matched with the immigrant’s educational training (job-education match). Work experience in paid employment job-education match is associated with the accumulation of specialized human capital and increased opportunity costs associated with new venture formation. Consistent with immigration-related work constraints inhibiting individuals with entrepreneurial preferences from engaging in entrepreneurship, we show that when the immigration-related work constraints are released, immigrants in job-education match are more likely than comparable natives to found incorporated employer firms. Incorporated employer firms can both leverage specialized human capital and provide the expected returns needed to justify the increased opportunity costs associated with entrepreneurial entry. We discuss our study’s contributions to theory and practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Accelerator Designs in Mitigating Bounded Rationality in New Ventures

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Cohen ◽  
Christopher B. Bingham ◽  
Benjamin L. Hallen
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
New Venture ◽  
External Information ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Established Firms

Using a nested multiple-case study of participating ventures, directors, and mentors of eight of the original U.S. accelerators, we explore how accelerators’ program designs influence new ventures’ ability to access, interpret, and process the external information needed to survive and grow. Through our inductive process, we illuminate the bounded-rationality challenges that may plague all ventures and entrepreneurs—not just those in accelerators—and identify the particular organizational designs that accelerators use to help address these challenges, which left unabated can result in suboptimal performance or even venture failure. Our analysis revealed three key design choices made by accelerators—(1) whether to space out or concentrate consultations with mentors and customers, (2) whether to foster privacy or transparency between peer ventures participating in the same program, and (3) whether to tailor or standardize the program for each venture—and suggests a particular set of choices is associated with improved venture development. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that bounded rationality challenges new ventures differently than it does established firms. We find that entrepreneurs appear to systematically satisfice prematurely across many decisions and thus broadly benefit from increasing the amount of external information searched, often by reigniting search for problems that they already view as solved. Our study also contributes to research on organizational sponsors by revealing practices that help or hinder new venture development and to emerging research on the lean start-up methodology by suggesting that startups benefit from engaging in deep consultative learning prior to experimentation.

Imprenditorialitŕ e nascita di nuove imprese innovative in Europa: un'analisi delle determinanti in alcuni settori ad alta tecnologia

2009 ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Camilla Lenzi ◽  
Maria Luisa Mancusi
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
New Firm ◽  
The University

- This paper evaluates the importance of some key elements in the process leading to the birth and start-up of a new firm. We focus on a sample of recently founded and innovative European firms in technological fields characterised by strong innovative and competitive dynamics in the last 15 years. Emphasis is placed both on the role of the founder and on the assets exploited and developed in the new ventures early stages. The analysis of the questionnaire confirms the importance of the intellectual capital of the founder and of the scientific and technological knowledge acquired during advanced studies or previous work experiences. It further confirms the importance of the human and financial capital (particularly, access to external funds) necessary to the start of entrepreneurial activity, of intellectual property rights and of the network of relationships with actors having complementary knowledge and assets (other firms, universities and public research centres, parent organisation). The analysis finally highlights interesting differences both at the geographical and sectoral level. Differences across geographical regions include the degree of development of financial markets and the opportunities to access external financial resources, but also and mostly the functions performed and the effectiveness of the university system. On the other side, differences across sectors include the assets exploited in founding the new venture and the key competences that allow it to survive and eventually grow. Keywords: entrepreneurship, spin-off, patent Parole chiave: imprenditorialitŕ, spin-off, brevetto Jel Classification: L10, M13, O30

Linking Key Performance Indicators to New International Venture Survival

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Yasheng Chen ◽  
Johnny Jermias
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Financial Performance Measures

ABSTRACT Based on the four major challenges firms face in the early stage of their life cycle, we identify and use financial and non-financial performance measures to predict the survivability of new international ventures. We use a sample of 3,729 new manufacturing ventures from the Chinese Foreign Invested Enterprises Database. The study sample consists of wholly owned ventures of multi-national corporations (MNCs) and joint ventures between pairs comprising foreign and local investors in China. The results are consistent with the study's hypotheses. Using the Cox (1972) survival model, we find that employee training, employee productivity, accounts receivable collection period, export intensity, and sales growth are positively related to new venture survival. This study contributes to the existing business venturing and accounting literature in three ways. First, it fills the gap in the existing literature on bankruptcy prediction by focusing on firms in the early stage of their life cycle. Second, it uses survivability as a measure of business success. Survivability is a more comprehensive measure of firm performance than traditional financial measures during the start-up stage because during this stage firms tend to carry large losses that make financial measures inappropriate. Finally, this study has the potential to help new venture managers improve a firm's chances of success by using customized performance measures that fit its unique situation. JEL Classifications: D21; G32; M41.

Which types of experience matter? The role of prior start-up experiences and work experience in fostering youth entrepreneurial intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1198
Author(s):  
Alex Bignotti ◽  
Ingrid le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Impact

PurposeIn spite of research on entrepreneurial intentions being a mature field of enquiry, little is known about the influence of experience on entrepreneurial intentions, especially among the youth and in developing contexts. This paper aims to investigate the impact of different types of experience – entrepreneurial early childhood experiences, prior start-up experiences, work experience, education and peer influence – on the entrepreneurial intentions of South African youth.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a quantitative survey of 827 secondary students was administered, and the results were analysed by means of hierarchical logistic regression. Second, two focus groups were conducted with secondary students representing two distinct segments of South African society to shed light on some of the unique survey findings.FindingsThe results revealed that the experiences of having attempted to start a business and having previously worked in a business, as well as entrepreneurship education, have a positive influence on youth entrepreneurial intentions, while peers' entrepreneurial intentions exert a negative influence. Peer influence and contextual factors such as family and community support, which are catalytic in other parts of the world, appear to dampen youth entrepreneurial intentions because of fear of failure and fear of competition.Originality/valueThis paper examines the influence of a broader taxonomy of experience types on youth entrepreneurial intentions than found in previous studies. It highlights the unique role played by specific types of experience and points to the need to include extra-curricular entrepreneurial experiences in interventions aimed at fostering youth entrepreneurial intentions in developing nations.

Volunteering in Glasgow, Scotland

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Pauline Leonard ◽  
Rachel J. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter investigates volunteering, much vaunted in recent policy as a valuable means by which young people may gain valuable experience for work and careers. The chapter argues however that policies to encourage more youth volunteering are based on a conundrum: the fact that there is no robust evidence to support the view that volunteering is a beneficial means by which to access paid employment. Case study research of a volunteering organisation in Scotland, which delivers bespoke employability training to young people which includes daily spells of volunteering in a range of voluntary sector workplaces, provides some insight into why this might be the case. Work experience placements can consist of young people ‘time-filling’ with meaningless, poor-quality work and lack of engagement by employers makes it difficult for young people to gain experience in organisations offering paid employment opportunities. However, the chapter underscores the significant contribution of trainers to other beneficial outcomes of volunteering programmes, such as the confidence and wellbeing of young trainees.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Experience and Performance: From the Aspect of Sustainable Growth of Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7351
Author(s):  
Huatao Peng ◽  
Chen Zhou ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Entrepreneurial Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Experience ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Relationship

In the uncertain entrepreneurial ecosystem, scholarly knowledge is bounded by the sustainable growth of entrepreneurial enterprises. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus in academic circles on the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial performance. In adopting the meta-analysis method, we found a significant relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial performance based on an investigation of 45 independent samples (N = 18,752). We also examined theoretically derived moderators of this relationship referring to firm age, industry condition and experience type to test whether the moderating effects can explain the inconsistent research results on the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial performance. The relationship was stronger for the high-tech industry than for low-tech industry, for the early business stage than for late business stage and for start-up experience compared to management experience, work experience and industry experience. Our research findings are meaningful for practitioners to achieve sustainable growth by better preserving and coordinating entrepreneurial experience in a dynamic environment. Further, these findings are also important for future research to analyze the factors triggering the heterogeneity of entrepreneurial experience and to investigate the extent to which the start-up experience is more capable of promoting entrepreneurial performance.

Predictors Associated With Paid Employment Status of Community and Technical College Students With Intellectual Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Qian ◽  
David R. Johnson ◽  
Frank A. Smith ◽  
Clare K. Papay
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Community And Technical College ◽  
Community And Technical Colleges ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Technical College Students

Abstract The present study sought to identify predictors associated with paid employment outcomes for community and technical college students with intellectual disability (ID). Data used were collected from the Transition and Postsecondary Programs for Students With Intellectual Disabilities (TPSID) implemented in two community and technical colleges in the upper Midwest. The participants included 228 students with ID attending college who received supports based on the Check & Connect model. Results using logistic regression showed that students who only took inclusive classes, participated in campus events, had prior paid work experience, and participated in volunteering and/or community service were more likely to earn at or above minimum wage during their most recent year in the TPSID program. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Tangent Host: An Uneasy Partnership

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
Prescott C. Ensign ◽  
Nicholas P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Customer Relations ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Future Direction

Tangent Host, a Canadian-based website services provider, was established in 2014 as a general partnership by two personal and professional friends. Each had a 50% ownership stake in profits and workload. In 2016, it had total revenue of US$121,440, divided evenly between web design (100 clients) and web hosting (375 clients). As a start-up, Tangent had taken advantage of growth opportunities and had overcome a number of operational challenges. By 2017, there were mounting unresolved issues: tension between partners, concerns with uncollected receivables, technical performance, and future direction. One of the partners seemed to be less committed to the partnership, shifting interest and time to other activities that generated personal not partnership income. The case provides thought-provoking issues confronted by a new venture and partnership: friction between partners, customer relations, service performance, increasing revenue, scaling a business, making strategic choices, and conflict resolution.

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