When Positive Sentiment is Not so Positive: Textual Analytics and Bank Failures

If post-communist countries realized marketized bank–state ties through transition and international pressure to privatize their banks with foreign capital, western Eurozone states have more recently come under pressure to follow suit. European Banking Union centralized bank supervision and introduced a single resolution board at the expense of national authority. Thus under banking union, national regulatory and supervisory forbearance was curbed; barriers to banking market entry were no longer the purview of national authorities; disproportionate bank lending to one’s own sovereign would be discouraged; and bank bondholders, creditors and depositors—i.e. market actors—paid the price for bank failures first, before governments and taxpayers. While European Banking Union put the euro on stronger foundations, it also curbed national economic policy discretion and limited tools for adjustment. Taking Italy, Portugal, Spain and Germany as examples, this chapter explains why and in what policy areas Eurozone states’ sovereignty clashed with banking union.

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Central Banks and the New Regulatory Regime for Banks

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Central Banking ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190626198.013.17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 502-527

Author(s):

David T. Llewellyn

Keyword(s):

Central Banks ◽

Employee Attitudes ◽

Social Costs ◽

Regulatory Regime ◽

Bank Failures ◽

The Social ◽

Global Banking ◽

Regulated Firms ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior

The most serious global banking crisis in living memory has given rise to one of the most substantial changes in the regulatory regime of banks. While not all central banks have responsibility for regulation, because they are almost universally responsible for systemic stability, they have an interest in bank regulation. Two core objectives of regulation are discussed: lowering the probability of bank failures and minimizing the social costs of failures that do occur. The underlying culture of banking creates business standards and employee attitudes and behavior. There are limits to what regulation can achieve if the underlying cultures of regulated firms are hazardous. There are limits to what can be achieved through detailed, prescriptive, and complex rules, and when, because of what is termed the endogeneity problem, rules escalation raises issues of proportionality, a case is made for banking culture to become a supervisory issue.

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Understanding public opinion to the introduction of minimum unit pricing in Scotland: a qualitative study using Twitter

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e029690 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurence Astill Wright ◽

Su Golder ◽

Adam Balkham ◽

J McCambridge

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Media Analysis ◽

Alcohol Policy ◽

Social Media Analysis ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Related Individuals ◽

Positive Sentiment ◽

Twitter Users ◽

Unit Pricing

ObjectivesOn 1 May 2018 minimum unit pricing (MUP) of alcohol was introduced in Scotland. This study used Twitter posts to quantify sentiment expressed online during the introduction of MUP, conducted a thematic analysis of these perceptions and analysed which Twitter users were associated with which particular sentiments.Design and settingThis qualitative social media analysis captured all tweets relating to MUP during the 2 weeks after the introduction of the policy. These tweets were assessed using a mixture of human and machine coding for relevance, sentiment and source. A thematic analysis was conducted.Participants74 639 tweets were collected over 14 days. Of these 53 574 were relevant to MUP.ResultsStudy findings demonstrate that opinion on the introduction of MUP in Scotland was somewhat divided, as far as is discernible on Twitter, with a slightly higher proportion of positive posts (35%) than negative posts (28%), with positive sentiment stronger in Scotland itself. Furthermore, 55% of positive tweets/retweets were originally made by health or alcohol policy-related individuals or organisations. Thematic analysis of tweets showed some evidence of misunderstanding around policy issues.ConclusionsIt is possible to appreciate the divided nature of public opinion on the introduction of MUP in Scotland using Twitter, the nature of the sentiment around it and the key actors involved. It will be possible to later study how this changes when the policy becomes more established.

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