Assault Weapon Bans: Can They Survive Rational Basis Scrutiny?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton E. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Rational Basis ◽  
Assault Weapon

A rational basis for race

The Lancet ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 364 (9448) ◽  
pp. 1845-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Rational Basis

Rational basis for Trk inhibition therapy for prostate cancer

The Prostate ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashani T. Weeraratna ◽  
Julia T. Arnold ◽  
Dan J. George ◽  
Angelo DeMarzo ◽  
John T. Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Rational Basis

scholarly journals In VitroAssessment of Combinations of Enterovirus Inhibitors against Enterovirus 71

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 5357-5367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhuo Wang ◽  
Guiming Li ◽  
Shilin Yuan ◽  
Qianqian Gao ◽  
Ke Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Combination Regimens

ABSTRACTEnterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a major causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics. No antiviral therapies are currently available for treating EV-A71 infections. Here, we selected five reported enterovirus inhibitors (suramin, itraconazole [ITZ], GW5074, rupintrivir, and favipiravir) with different mechanisms of action to test their abilities to inhibit EV-A71 replication alone and in combination. All selected compounds have anti-EV-A71 activities in cell culture. The combination of rupintrivir and ITZ or favipiravir was synergistic, while the combination of rupintrivir and suramin was additive. The combination of suramin and favipiravir exerted a strong synergistic antiviral effect. The observed synergy was not due to cytotoxicity, as there was no significant increase in cytotoxicity when compounds were used in combinations at the tested doses. To investigate the potential inhibitory mechanism of favipiravir against enterovirus, two favipiravir-resistant EV-A71 variants were independently selected, and both of them carried an S121N mutation in the finger subdomain of the 3D polymerase. Reverse engineering of this 3D S121N mutation into an infectious clone of EV-A71 confirmed the resistant phenotype. Moreover, viruses resistant to ITZ or favipiravir remained susceptible to other inhibitors. Most notably, combined with ITZ, rupintrivir prevented the development of ITZ-resistant variants. Taken together, these results provide a rational basis for the design of combination regimens for use in the treatment of EV-A71 infections.

Medical Versus Surgical Treatment of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
International Trial ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux

The role of VUR in the development and progression of renal damage in children is universally acknowledged. The risk/benefit ratio of therapeutic intervention, whether medical or surgical, continues to be debated. This carefully controlled prospective, longitudinal, multispecialty, international trial aims to establish a rational basis for the treatment of VUR.

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