Selecting for Safety: A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Neighborhood Violence and Residential Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Graves
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neighborhood Violence

scholarly journals Moving to Improve?: A Qualitative Meta-analysis of Neighborhood Violence and Residential Decision-making among Housing Voucher Holders

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Graves
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Housing Choice ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
Constrained Choice ◽  
Housing Voucher

Many people poised to move through housing choice voucher programs cite violence as a primary factor in their decision-making. This study synthesizes a body of qualitative data to explore how participants recount their experiences with neighborhood violence and analyzes its relationship to residential decision-making. We find that while participants expressed a desire to move to improve their circumstances, they also recounted how neighborhood violence constrained choice by influencing a multitude of factors in the decision-making process. This shows the stress neighborhood violence places on households and how neighborhood factors constrain housing choice.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness of decision aids for vaccination decision-making

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn ◽  
Jessica Kaufman ◽  
Catherine King ◽  
S. Rachel Skinner ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Vaccination Decision

Focal Concerns and Police Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802199128
Author(s):  
David S. Lapsey ◽  
Bradley A. Campbell ◽  
Bryant T. Plumlee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Campbell Collaboration ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Sexual assault and case attrition at the arrest stage are serious problems in the United States. Focal concerns have increasingly been used to explain police decision making in sexual assault cases. Because of the popularity of the focal concerns perspective and potential to inform evidence-based training, a systematic review and meta-analysis are needed to condense the literature. In this study, we assess the overall strength of the relationship between focal concerns variables and police decisions to arrest in cases of sexual assault. Our assessment of the effects of focal concerns variables on arrest decision making in sexual assault cases followed the systematic review protocols provided by the Campbell Collaboration of Systematic Reviews. Specifically, we used the Campbell Collaboration recommendations to search empirical literature and used meta-analysis to evaluate the size, direction, and strength of the impact of focal concerns variables on arrest decisions. Our search strategy detected 14 eligible studies and 79 effect sizes. The meta-analysis found several robust and statistically significant correlates of arrest. In fact, each focal concerns concept produced at least one robust arrest correlate. Overall, focal concerns offers a strong approach for explaining police decisions in sexual assault cases. Although practical concerns and resource constraints produced the strongest arrest correlates, results show the importance of additional case characteristics in officers’ decision to arrest.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment-related toxicities of curative and palliative radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Or ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
J. Lam ◽  
S. Vinod ◽  
W. Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Grade 3

AbstractTreatment-related toxicity is an important component in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management decision-making. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the toxicity rates of curative and palliative radiotherapy with and without chemotherapy. This meta-analysis provides better quantitative estimates of the toxicities compared to individual trials. A systematic review of randomised trials with > 50 unresectable NSCLC patients, treated with curative or palliative conventional radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy. Data was extracted for oesophagitis, pneumonitis, cardiac events, pulmonary fibrosis, myelopathy and neutropenia by any grade, grade ≥ 3 and treatment-related deaths. Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effect method was used to obtain pooled risk ratio. Forty-nine trials with 8609 evaluable patients were included. There was significantly less grade ≥ 3 acute oesophagitis (6.4 vs 22.2%, p < 0.0001) and any grade oesophagitis (70.4 vs 79.0%, p = 0.04) for sequential CRT compared to concurrent CRT, with no difference in pneumonitis (grade ≥ 3 or any grade), neutropenia (grade ≥ 3), cardiac events (grade ≥ 3) or treatment-related deaths. Although the rate of toxicity increased with intensification of treatment with RT, the only significant difference between treatment regimens was the rate of oesophagitis between the use of concurrent and sequential CRT. This can aid clinicians in radiotherapy decision making for NSCLC.

scholarly journals Brain networks of perceptual decision-making: an fMRI ALE meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max C. Keuken ◽  
Christa Müller-Axt ◽  
Robert Langner ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Birte U. Forstmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

A meta-analysis of confidence and judgment accuracy in clinical decision making.

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Miller ◽  
Elliot S. Spengler ◽  
Paul M. Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Judgment Accuracy

scholarly journals Disentangling ADHD's Presentation-Related Decision-Making—A Meta-Analytic Approach on Predominant Presentations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Schulze ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
Silke Lux ◽  
Alexandra Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deficient decision-making (DM) in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by altered reward sensitivity, higher risk taking, and aberrant reinforcement learning. Previous meta-analysis aggregate findings for the ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) mostly, while the ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-I) and the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation (ADHD-H) were not disentangled. The objectives of the current meta-analysis were to aggregate findings from DM for each presentation separately.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed (Medline) and Web of Science Database took place using the keywords “ADHD,” “attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,” “decision-making,” “risk-taking,” “reinforcement learning,” and “risky.” Random-effects models based on correlational effect-sizes were conducted. Heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity/outlier analysis were performed, and publication biases were assessed with funnel-plots and the egger intercept.Results: Of 1,240 candidate articles, seven fulfilled criteria for analysis of ADHD-C (N = 193), seven for ADHD-I (N = 256), and eight for ADHD-H (N = 231). Moderate effect-size were found for ADHD-C (r = 0.34; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [0.19, 0.49]). Small effect-sizes were found for ADHD-I (r = 0.09; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [0.008, 0.25]) and for ADHD-H (r = 0.1; p = 0.0001; 95% CI = [−0.012, 0.32]). Heterogeneity was moderate for ADHD-H. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of the analysis, and no outliers were detected. No publication bias was evident.Conclusion: This is the first study that uses a meta-analytic approach to investigate the relationship between the different presentations of ADHD separately. These findings provide first evidence of lesser pronounced impairment in DM for ADHD-I and ADHD-I compared to ADHD-C. While the exact factors remain elusive, the current study can be considered as a starting point to reveal the relationship of ADHD presentations and DM more detailed.

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