Personal Income Tax and Income Inequality. New Evidence from a South American Country: Ecuador 2007-2011

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Cano
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
South American ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
South American Country ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Personal Income Taxation Determinants in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Irena Palić ◽  
Sabina Hodžić ◽  
Ksenija Dumičić
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Personal Income Taxation

Abstract Background: In recent years’ income inequality has been an economic issue. The primary instrument for redistributing income is personal income tax. However, based on economic theory income inequality concerns indicators such as wages, transfer payments, taxes, social security contributions, and geographical mobility. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of certain labor market indicators on personal income taxation in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H). Methods/Approach: Since personal income taxation consists of a very broad definition and for the purpose of this research only, income from dependent (employment) activity is observed. The econometric analysis is conducted using error correction modeling, as well as forecast errors variance decomposition. Results: The error correction model is estimated, and the cointegrating equation indicates that monthly wage and number of employees statistically significantly positively affect personal income taxes in FB&H in the long-run. After two years, the selected labor market indicators explain a considerable part of forecasting error variance of personal income tax revenues. Conclusions: The implementation of reforms in the labor market and tax policies of the FB&H is suggested. In order to achieve necessary reforms, efficient governance and general stable political environment are required.

Direct Taxes and Income Redistribution in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
OKOH Francis Ikechukwu ◽  
EDO Onome Christopher ◽  
AKHIGBODEMHE Emmanuel Justice ◽  
EDEOGHON Innocent Osaremen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Introduction - Income redistribution is central to the development of any nation. However, the issue of generating income and its redistribution in Nigeria has been challenging overtime, with the nation depending largely on oil with little consideration on other sources of income. Also, insufficient tax resources, tax collectors' illicit activities and a lack of awareness of the value of paying tax by taxpayers are some of the problems facing the country in terms of tax revenue generation. Objective - Our study therefore investigated the impact of direct taxes on income redistribution in the context of Nigeria, using company income tax, personal income tax, petroleum profit tax and education tax as direct tax variables. Methodology/Technique - The study covered the period 1990 to 2019 using annualized data set from Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study employed the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) to analyze the data. Research Findings - Empirical results of our study revealed that, company income tax and education tax had insignificant negative effects on income redistribution, while personal income tax and petroleum profit tax had significant positive effects on income redistribution, thus reducing income inequality in the context of Nigeria. Recommendations - We thus recommended "inter alia" that, revenue generated from taxes should be effectively used by government in providing quality infrastructures like schools, railway, healthcare facilities and other business outfits across various states for the general wellbeing of the citizens as this is hoped to close the income distribution gap between the rich and the less privileged in the country. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Income redistribution; direct taxes; government expenditure on infrastructural goods; Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), Nigeria; Income Inequality. JEL Classification: E21; E42; E62; O23 URI: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/GJBSSR/vol9.2_8.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.2(8) Pages 182 – 196

On the Issue of Progressive or Proportional Taxation of Personal Incomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
D. G. Chernik
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Discrete Measures ◽  
Personal Income Taxation ◽  
Personal Taxation ◽  
Personal Incomes

The subject of the research is the procedure for personal income taxation. The purpose of the workwas to determine which personal taxation regime is more justified: progressive or proportional. The paperprovides the reasons for the transition from the progressive to the proportional tax. The risks and possibilities of transition to the progressive scale are analyzed. It is concluded that in order to achieve social justice and improve the welfare of the majority of peoplerather thana very small part of them, it is necessary to adopt a set of economic, fiscal and administrative measures aimed at solving a single task — ensuring the social and economic development of Russia. Discrete measures, such as the introduction of the progressive personal income tax will not lead to desired results. Moreover, the progressive tax cannot be introduced unlessit is ruled by law that large spendings of citizens must correspond to their incomes.

TAXATION OF PERSONAL INCOME

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
F. S. AGUZAROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax

The article is devoted to the taxation of income of citizens in Russia. The author determined the role and place of the personal income tax, calculating its share in the structure of budget revenues of a particular subject. The ways of improving the taxation of personal income are identified.

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