The Role of Automated Funds Transfer Payments in Canada's Declining Use of Cheques

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tompkins ◽  
Sajjad Jafri ◽  
Neville Arjani
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Payments

scholarly journals Cumulated and most recent job control and risk of disability pension in the Danish Work Life Course Cohort (DaWCo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1218
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Framke ◽  
Annemette Coop Svane-Petersen ◽  
Anders Holm ◽  
Hermann Burr ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Prospective Association

Abstract Background Previous studies have found low job control to be associated with a higher risk of disability pension (DP). Most studies have measured job control only at one time-point, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of exposure duration. This study examines the prospective association between job control and DP measuring exposure both cumulated throughout work life and most recent. Methods We included 712 519 individuals (about 4.5 million person-years) from The Danish Work Life Course Cohort which follows young employees in Denmark from their entry into the labour market. Job control was assessed with a job exposure matrix and DP with register data on public transfer payments. We adjusted for several potential life course confounders, including physical demands at work and parental socioeconomic position and psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. Results Employees in occupations with low job control had a higher risk of DP. There were effects of both cumulated and most recent job control when mutually adjusted. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.14 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.11–1.17] and 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.29) for cumulated and most recent job control, respectively. Without mutual adjustment, estimates were 1.15 (95% CI 1.13–1.18) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.39–1.72) for cumulated and most recent low job control, respectively. Conclusions Low job control predicts a higher risk of DP, even after adjustment for physical demands at work. The results indicate both gradual and short-term effects of low job control on DP risk.

Are Government Spending and Taxes Too High (or Too Low)?

1996 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flemming ◽  
Peter Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Goods And Services

Arguably the biggest change in the nature even of market economies in the last hundred years has been the increase in the economic role of government. The activities and responsibilities falling under this head have varied with circumstances, but the most universal and consistent theme has been the growing prominence of government as a spender both on goods and services and on transfer payments to other economic agents. The objects o f government spending include the traditional collective products of the legal system, the civil service and the armed forces. They also include the major pillars of the welfare state—social security, health—care and education—as well as other items such as the transport and urban infrastructure, public housing and various forms of assistance to industry and agriculture. These wider objects of government expenditure are mostly popular with the electorate at large, besides being invariably supported by specific advocates and interested parties. Increases in spending are generally easier to bring about than reductions. At the same time, all these objects have to compete for approval and resources not merely with one another but with people's wish to retain as much income as possible for their own private disposition. Tax reductions are no less popular than increases in spending. This article discusses recent UK government policy towards public expenditure and taxation, and some of its impacts upon social welfare.

scholarly journals Informal Transfers in Comparisons of Income Distributions: Lessons from Rich and Middle-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yixia Cai ◽  
Martin Evans
Keyword(s):  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Study Database

Developing countries rely more heavily on financial transfers between private households for economic welfare. Using data from three middle income and three high income countries in the Luxembourg Income Study Database, this paper examines the effects of such transfers on within country comparison of inequality. Deducting private transfer payments from disposable income increases inequality, but effects differ by the position of donor and receiving households in the distribution, by urban or rural location and by age of household members. We conclude that considering the role of private financial transfers is crucial to income inequality analysis.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document