Critical Infrastructure: Making It Private or Public An Institutional Economic Discussion on the Example of Transport Infrastructure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Geis ◽  
Wolfgang H. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Institutional Economic

Defence needs as a factor of transport infrastructure development in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jałowiec
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Military Equipment

One of the key elements of the critical infrastructure of the state is the transport system. Its development is determined by a number of various factors, among which the priority role falls to defence issues. In accordance with the provisions of strategic doctrinal documents, the construction of a modern transport system, combined with the introduction of modern means of transport is one of the key areas in the system of defence preparations and state emergency response. From the perspective of contemporary conditions, the development of transport networks is necessary to ensure the required conditions of movement of people and the transport of armaments and military equipment, to meet the living needs of the population and the possibility of evacuation, support of the Polish Armed Forces and allied forces in the crisis or war time. The article, based on performed researches has identified the essence and importance of defence needs for the development of transport infrastructure in Poland.

scholarly journals The New Procedure for Identification of Infrastructure Elements Significance in Sub-Sector Railway Transport 

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Bohus Leitner ◽  
David Rehak ◽  
Robertas Kersys
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Railway Transport

The paper focuses on the problem of importance/significance elements evaluation in the railway transport infrastructure sub-systems. It contains main features of the proposed theoretical approach to the significance assessment of the key typological elements of railways infrastructure. The research also attempted to design an effective methodology, which allows assessing the significance of infrastructure objects. The purpose of the multi-criteria assessment of selected sections and typological objects is to select the most significant/important ones from the point of view of maintaining the railway operability. The selection is conducted using the assessment of a section or an object, following the pre-defined criteria. The developed methodology should help to set a group of potential elements of critical infrastructure in the railway sub-sector.

scholarly journals Impact Propagation in Airport Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Corinna Köpke ◽  
Kushal Srivastava ◽  
Louis König ◽  
Natalie Miller ◽  
Mirjam Fehling-Kaschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
Small Test ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effective protection of critical infrastructure against cyber and physical security threats involves many different steps from initially the identification of risks to finally the implementation of counter measures in the infrastructure. To derive counter measures and to come to intelligent decisions facing the identified risks, the impact calculation plays a central role. The impact of a specific threat can propagate through the systems of the infrastructure and thus needs to be analysed carefully. In this paper, the role of impact propagation of cyber-physical threats for infrastructure protection is discussed, exemplified for airport systems. In the ongoing EU-H2020 project SATIE (Security of Air Transport Infrastructure of Europe) a toolkit is developed containing two tools for impact propagation, namely the Business Impact Assessment (BIA) and the Impact Propagation Simulation (IPS). Both tools are described and for a small test case the propagation of a cyber threat and the transformation into a physical threat is demonstrated in a network representation as well as an agent-based model of the airport’s systems employing the IPS.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling (ABM): Support for Emphasizing the Air Transport Infrastructure Dependence of Space Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bucovetchi ◽  
Alexandru Georgescu ◽  
Dorel Badea ◽  
Radu D. Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
System Of Systems ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Space Infrastructure ◽  
New Applications

Critical infrastructure is foundational for the prosperity and quality of life in any society. By definition, its destruction or disruption would cause severe damage and possibly loss of life. Within this understanding, space systems are a new category of critical infrastructure, emerging as an enabler of new applications which are critical within the wider system-of-systems. This paper presents the results of a modeling exercise validating the proof of concept regarding the idea of the global, air-transport-critical infrastructure’s dependence on space systems. By using an open-source application, the authors constructed a complex system made up of 18 airports for which six scenarios were modeled that represent either the exposure to specific space phenomena or the effects of a partial or total critical space infrastructure disruption. Despite the limitations and assumptions made in the building of this model, its results suggest that a significant impact would result from disruptive events, with the potential for cascading disruptions within the system, beyond the system under analysis, and into the wider system-of-systems. Tools such as this model are useful to policy- and decision-makers, not only to protect existing, critical infrastructures, but also to adequately source future risks, vulnerabilities, and threats, and design and build new infrastructures.

scholarly journals Transport Infrastructure Interdependency: Metro’s Failure Propagation in the Road Transport System in Mexico City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos-Reyes ◽  
Padilla-Perez ◽  
Beard
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
The Road ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
Coordination Function

On Friday, 3 March 2017, at about 18:19 h, a metro track failed, prompting about 50% of Mexico City’s metro line-C to a halt. The track failure occurred at a peak hour when tens of thousands of commuters were heading to their homes. Given the interdependency among the modes of transportation in the capital city, the incident caused heavy disruption; it is believed that about 45,000 commuters were affected. A systemic safety management system (‘SSMS’) model has been used for the analysis. The results showed that: a) the model demonstrated its potential to the analysis of the transport system interdependency; it has been found that failure propagates vertically and horizontally; b) the model highlighted that failure propagation has to do with a coordination function; c) in relation to the case study, it has been found that the actions taken by the decision-makers during the emergency were less than adequate; d) the commuters traveling patterns should be considered when designing emergency plans; and, e) more generally, there is a need for the creation of a system to manage critical infrastructure protection in the context of Mexico. It is hoped that by conducting such analyses, we may gain a better understanding of the complexity of cities.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN CONSTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Khrutba V ◽  
◽  
Ziuziun V ◽  
Barabash O ◽  
Nevedrov D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Forecast Assumptions

In the article, based on existing approaches to the identification and systematization of assessment criteria, a system of criteria has been developed to assess the environmental impact of construction projects and the reconstruction of critical infrastructure. The proposed system of environmental impact assessment criteria is first and foremost relevant to critical transport infrastructure. Purpose of the study - creation of a system of environmental impact assessment criteria in construction projects and the reconstruction of critical infrastructure to identify potential environmental hazards and threats to projects of this type. Method of the study - methodology of project and program management; mechanisms for identification and systematization of criteria. A system of criteria has been developed consisting of five main blocks of criteria, namely: the quality of the surface layer of atmospheric air, waste management, physical factors of influence, social environment and industrial environment. Each of these blocks of criteria contains indicators that detail them. The results of the article can be implemented in the process of environmental impact assessment of construction projects and reconstruction of critical infrastructure. Forecast assumptions about the object of study - developing a method for assessing the environmental impact of construction and reconstruction projects for critical transport infrastructure. KEY WORDS: TRANSPORT, SECURITY, PROJECT, OBJECT, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, CRITERIA, PROTECTION.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity of Railway Network Management and Partitioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (189) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Jan Procházka ◽  
Petr Novobilsky ◽  
Dana Procházkova
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Assurance ◽  
Cyberphysical System

The railway transport infrastructure ensures the transfer of large numbers of people and cargo every day. The importance of the railway in terms of ensuring the serviceability of the territory makes it a critical infrastructure. We can observe the development of the use of IT technologies on railway, as in all areas of the human system. The management of the railway as a physical system needs to be superseded by management of the railway as a cyberphysical system. The railway infra-structure has a large area of attack in both, physical space and cyber space. Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) can meet the high system security requirements. The MILS is a high-assurance security architecture based on the concepts of separation and controlled information flow. The article discusses the possibilities of using the MILS platform in the data communication system and the control system of the railway. Keywords: Cyber Physical Systems, Critical Infrastructures, Multiple Independent Levels of Security

scholarly journals Implementing Cybersecurity Measures in Transport Organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tomić Rotim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Risk Management Methodology

The Article describes the phases of implementing the necessary measures according to Cybersecurity Regulation for critical infrastructure and ISO 27032 standard. As a base for identification of the necessary measures in transport organization the risk assessment has been done. The Risk Management Methodology has been described as well as the results of the risk assessment. The main aspects of risk treatment with the most suitable measures for Cyber risks are identified. Also as very important aspect of protecting critical transport infrastructure we have identified the critical services and prepared business continuity plans. The main steps and results in providing the acceptable level of availability and opportunities for continuity are presented and explained.

The Impact of Natural Disasters on Critical Infrastructures: A Domino Effect-based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Kadri ◽  
Babiga Birregah ◽  
Eric Châtelet
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Malicious Behavior ◽  
Cascade Effect ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Cascade Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecent events show a significant increase in the number of disasters with natural and/or technological causes, which could have potentially serious consequences for critical infrastructures. Were these infrastructures to fail or be destroyed, the resulting cascade effect (chain of accidents) could lead to catastrophic damage and affect not only the plants, but also people, the environment and the economy. This rise in the number of disasters over the years is due to industrial and human activity as well as society’s sensitivity to major events (hazards). The construction of industrial complexes brings with it stocks of hazardous substances, increased transport infrastructure (road, railways, shipping and pipelines), a rise in population and its concentration, malicious behavior and human error. This paper presents a methodology for carrying out risk assessments on critical infrastructure through the analysis of cascade effects. The proposed methodology can be used to provide critical infrastructures with greater protection and to limit/mitigate the extent of the damage caused by their failure. The paper ends with a conclusion and as series of proposal for improving such an analysis.

scholarly journals Damage functions for transport infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 420-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Habermann ◽  
Ralf Hedel
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Events

PurposeDamage functions constitute an essential part of the modelling of critical infrastructure (CI) performance under the influence of climate events. This paper aims to compile and discuss publications comprising damage functions for transport assets.Design/methodology/approachThe research included the collection of contemplable literature and the subsequent screening for damage functions and information on them. In conclusion, the derived damage curves and formulae were transferred to a unified design.FindingsDamage functions for the transport sector are scarce in the literature. Although specific damage functions for particular transport assets exist, they mainly consider infrastructure or transport in general. Occasionally, damage curves for the same asset in different publications vary. Major research gaps persist in wildfire damage estimation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study scope was restricted to the hazards of fluvial floods and wildfires. Despite all efforts, this study did not cover all existing literature on the topic.Originality/valueThis publication summarises the state of the art of research concerning transport asset damage functions, and hence contributes to the facilitation of prospective research on CI performance, resilience and vulnerability modelling.

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