scholarly journals Substitution Between Individual and Source Country Characteristics: Social Capital, Culture, and US Labor Market Outcomes Among Immigrant Women

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine D. Blau ◽  
Lawrence M. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Country Characteristics

Robert D. Putnam,

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Marschall
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Neighborhood Organization

This chapter discusses Robert Putnam’s 2000 book,Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, in which he documents the decline in civic engagement, social connectedness and social capital, and sense of community among Americans. Putnam illustrates the devastating effects of these trends for America and Americans by focusing on five “illustrative” fields: child welfare and education, public safety and neighborhood organization, labor- market outcomes and economic performance, health and happiness, and democracy and democracy values. The chapter explains what social capital is and how it works before concluding with an assessment of several areas where scholars have fruitfully engaged or challenged Putnam’s theoretical contribution.

Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrant Women in the United States: 1970 to 1990

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Schoeni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

Forty-two percent of immigrant workers in the United States are women, yet almost all of the evidence on the economic performance of immigrants is based on analyses of men. This study begins to fill the void by examining differences in a wide array of labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and immigrant women, and among immigrant women born in different countries or regions of the world, using the 1970, 1980 and 1990 censuses. Immigrant women were less likely to participate in the labor force, and this gap increased to 7 percentage points by 1990. However, the share of self-employed and the number of weeks and hours worked among employed women were roughly the same for immigrants and natives throughout the 1970–1990 period. The gap in unemployment and weekly wages widened in favor of natives between 1970 and 1990, with a gap in median wages of 14 percent in 1990. However, immigrants born in the United Kingdom and Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and the Middle East have had steady or improved wages and unemployment relative to U.S.-born women. At the same time, immigrants from Mexico and Central America, who now represent one-quarter of all immigrant women, have experienced relatively high unemployment and low earnings, and these differences have increased, with the wage gap reaching 35 percent in 1990. Disparities in completed years of schooling can explain a substantial share of the differences in labor market outcomes.

scholarly journals Immigrant Women’s Economic Outcomes in Europe: The Importance of Religion and Traditional Gender Roles

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110088
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kanas ◽  
Katrin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
And Gender

This article contributes to previous research on immigrant integration by examining how religiosity and gender roles in European countries influence immigrant women’s labor market outcomes. Moreover, we extend theoretical work on the importance of the receiving country’s norms and values by hypothesizing and testing whether receiving countries’ influence varies with immigrant women’s religiosity and gender-role attitudes. Using the European Social Survey data and multilevel regression models, we find that religious immigrant women participate less in the labor market and work fewer hours than nonreligious immigrant women. Immigrant women’s traditional gender-role attitudes partly explain the negative relationship between individual religiosity and labor market outcomes. While the receiving country’s religiosity is negatively related to immigrant women’s labor market outcomes, this negative relationship is significantly weaker for religious and gender-traditional immigrant women than for nonreligious and gender-egalitarian women. These findings suggest that the economic benefits of residing in countries that support female employment are limited to immigrant women who are ready and positioned to embrace gender-egalitarian norms and values.

The Stratification of Opportunity: Inequality in Social Capital and Labor Market Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 12443
Author(s):  
Jungyeon Lee ◽  
Mark S Mizruchi ◽  
Lauren A Rivera ◽  
Adina D. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes
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