Tax Ethics for Benefit Corporations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dov Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Benefit Corporations

Complexity and the Art of Public Policy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Colander ◽  
Roland Kupers
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Evolving System ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Modern Analytical ◽  
Policy Solutions

Complexity science—made possible by modern analytical and computational advances—is changing the way we think about social systems and social theory. Unfortunately, economists’ policy models have not kept up and are stuck in either a market fundamentalist or government control narrative. While these standard narratives are useful in some cases, they are damaging in others, directing thinking away from creative, innovative policy solutions. This book outlines a new, more flexible policy narrative, which envisions society as a complex evolving system that is uncontrollable but can be influenced. The book describes how economists and society became locked into the current policy framework, and lay out fresh alternatives for framing policy questions. Offering original solutions to stubborn problems, the complexity narrative builds on broader philosophical traditions, such as those in the work of John Stuart Mill, to suggest initiatives that the authors call “activist laissez-faire” policies. The book develops innovative bottom-up solutions that, through new institutional structures such as for-benefit corporations, channel individuals’ social instincts into solving societal problems, making profits a tool for change rather than a goal. It argues that a central role for government in this complexity framework is to foster an ecostructure within which diverse forms of social entrepreneurship can emerge and blossom.

Benefit Corporations Approach to Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure: A Focus on Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Sciarelli ◽  
Silvia Cosimato ◽  
Giovanni Landi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Governance Disclosure

AbstractOver the last decades, Benefit Corporations arouse as a new corporate structure, alternative to traditional ones and pointing to offer a new approach to the management of business and sustainability issues. These companies' activities are statutory aimed at bridging for-profit and no-profit activities; thus, they intentionally and statutory pursue economic purposes together with social and environmental ones, to create a positive impact on economy, society and environment. Even though, Italian and other national laws set some specific disclosure duties for Benefit Corporations, especially in terms of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues, the literature still calls for further research on the topic. Therefore, this paper is aimed at contributing to bridge this gap, investigating the way Italian Benefit Corporations approach ESG disclosure. To this end, an exploratory analysis has been conducted, implementing a qualitative method, based on a multiple case study strategy. Even though the descriptive nature of the study, the achieved findings pointed out that the Benefit Corporation structure not necessarily implies a better approach to ESG.

The Benefits of Benefit Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Caddie Putnam Rankin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Benefit Corporations

This article explores adoption rates of B Corps certification and Benefit Corporation incorporation in order to discuss what benefits exist for organizations to adopt sustainable business forms. The analysis of the data identifies states with low and high adoption rates. The study is based on historical analysis of 4686 incorporated Benefit Corporations from 2007 to 2016 and 837 certified B Corps during the same time period. Patterns of adoption are identified and states with high and low adoption rates are categorized, analyzed, and discussed. The patterns reveal which states are most likely to support lasting or short lived legal, peer, and stakeholder benefits for sustainable business.

scholarly journals O interesse público na sociedade de economia mista brasileira: aproximação com a benefit corporation do direito norte-americano

2020 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mario Engler Pinto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Shed Light

<p><span>The public interest of Brazilian mixed-capital company: approach to US benefit corporations</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>RESUMO<br />O artigo faz um paralelo entre a figura da benefit corporation do direito norte-americano e a sociedade de economia mista brasileira, com o propósito de apontar semelhanças entre as duas estruturas societárias e lançar luzes sobre a racionalidade das soluções de governança adotadas em cada caso. A reflexão resgata inicialmente o conceito de interesse da companhia, destacando sua relevância como referencial jurídico para se aferir a legitimidade das decisões empresariais. Observa-se ainda que o entendimento sobre o tema varia conforme a abordagem teórica adotada, podendo se resumir na maximização dos lucros para partilha entre os sócios, ou combinar o atendimento a outros interesses não financeiros. Por sua vez, os desafios e soluções em matéria de governança corporativa também variam em função da amplitude do escopo atribuído à companhia. A benefit corporation procura combinar a consecução de algum objetivo de interesse público com a manutenção da finalidade lucrativa. A existência do escopo mais amplo permite questionar a adequação do desenho institucional para lidar com os conflitos inerentes ao novo tipo societário. Além disso, propicia uma análise comparativa com o modelo de sociedade de economia mista no direito brasileiro, que também está imbuída de uma missão pública, cuja consecução não afasta a necessidade de remunerar adequadamente o investimento acionário. Conclui-se que algumas medidas contidas na Lei nº 13.303/2016, para fortalecer o controle e gestão das empresas estatais brasileiras, guardam simetria com o tratamento aplicável às benefit corporation no direito norte-americano.</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>ABSTRACT<br />The paper compares benefit corporations in the US with mixed-capital corporations in Brazil, in order to point the similarities and differences between both corporate structures. The paper also intends to shed light on the rationale of the governance solutions adopted in each case. The paper restates the concept of company’s interest and highlights it as a key legal reference for assessing the legitimacy of business decisions. Different readings of this concept are likely to translate into markedly different positions, from holding that the idea of interest refers solely to the purpose of profit maximization on behalf of shareholders to affirming the need to simultaneously accomplishing non-financial goals interests. The challenges and solutions concerning corporate governance also vary according to the extent of the corporation’s scope. Benefit corporations in the US seek to </span><span>simultaneously attain some goal of public interest and make profit for </span><span>its shareholders. The existence of a broader scope allows questioning </span><span>the suitability of their institutional design to deal with conflicts that are </span><span>inherent to this new corporate type. Their structure invites a comparison </span><span>to State owned enterprise (SOE) in Brazil. According to Brazilian Law, a </span><span>company controlled by the State is invested with a public mission while </span><span>needing to assure proper return to shareholders’ investment. The paper </span><span>concludes that some measures adopted by Brazilian Law No. 13.303/2016, </span><span>for strengthening the corporate governance of Brazilian SOE’s are similar </span><span>the U.S. Model Benefit Corporation Legislation (MBCL) concerning benefit </span><span>corporations.</span></p>

scholarly journals Certified B Corporations and Benefit Corporations

Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Exemplary Teaching ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Benefit Corporations

Over the past decade, Certified B Corporations and Benefit Corporations, commonly known as B Corps, have emerged as a global phenomenon. Both organizational forms are for-profit businesses. Whereas Certified B Corporations have been accredited for their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, Benefit Corporations are a new legal form, currently available in thirty-eight states and jurisdictions in the United States (US) as well as in British Columbia (Canada), Colombia, Ecuador, and Italy. Both types were promulgated by B Lab, a US-based nonprofit organization. Founded in 2006 in the suburbs of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, B Lab has sought to institutionalize business as a force for good. At present, certification is available to any business worldwide, and approximately 3,700 companies in seventy-four countries are currently certified. Prominent Certified B Corporations include Ben & Jerry’s, Danone North America, and Patagonia. Examples of Benefit Corporations include Data.World, Kickstarter, and Plum Organics. Overall, the B Corp movement’s radical aspiration to redefine business has garnered substantial attention from policymakers, media, businesses, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and academe. This article provides an overview of burgeoning scholarly work—ranging from general references and cutting-edge theoretical work to accumulating empirical findings and key pedagogical resources. A core focus is on enumerating the variety of theoretical perspectives that have been taken and the central research themes in extant work, including interdisciplinary publications. We close by discussing exemplary teaching materials and introducing other resources, such as the B Academics research community and available data sets for research.

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