scholarly journals Assessment of the Effectiveness of Global Climate Policies Using Coupled Bottom-Up and Top-Down Models

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Labriet ◽  
Laurent Drouet ◽  
Marc Vielle ◽  
Richard Loulou ◽  
Amit Kanudia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Climate Policies

scholarly journals Climate Dialog, Climate Action: Can Democracy Do the Job?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Young Phillips ◽  
LaVonne Reimer ◽  
Rebecca Turner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Climate Action

The latest IPCC report forcefully states that immediate, decisive, and large-scale actions are needed to avert climate catastrophe. This essay presumes that democratic governments are best and most desirably positioned to take these actions. Yet in the countries most pivotal to global climate, significant voting blocs are uninterested in environmental issues. The essay urges adding bottom-up dialog between environmental and anti-environmental voters, to current and future top-down technocratic “solutions.” To make this combination result in a unified pro-environment electorate, we must understand: religious objections to environmentalism; the capital-vs.-knowledge strife that slows polluting corporations’ green transitions; and the psychological mechanisms that can make inter-group dialog fruitful.

A balance of bottom-up and top-down in linking climate policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1064-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Green ◽  
Thomas Sterner ◽  
Gernot Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Climate Policies

Seasonal and Long-Term Changes to Pavement Life Caused by Rising Temperatures from Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne F. Knott ◽  
Jo E. Sias ◽  
Eshan V. Dave ◽  
Jennifer M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
The Impact

Pavements are vulnerable to reduced life with climate-change-induced temperature rise. Greenhouse gas emissions have caused an increase in global temperatures since the mid-20th century and the warming is projected to accelerate. Many studies have characterized this risk with a top-down approach in which climate-change scenarios are chosen and applied to predict pavement-life reduction. This approach is useful in identifying possible pavement futures but may miss short-term or seasonal pavement-response trends that are essential for adaptation planning. A bottom-up approach focuses on a pavement’s response to incremental temperature change resulting in a more complete understanding of temperature-induced pavement damage. In this study, a hybrid bottom-up/top-down approach was used to quantify the impact of changing pavement seasons and temperatures on pavement life with incremental temperature rise from 0 to 5°C at a site in coastal New Hampshire. Changes in season length, seasonal average temperatures, and temperature-dependent resilient modulus were used in layered-elastic analysis to simulate the pavement’s response to temperature rise. Projected temperature rise from downscaled global climate models was then superimposed on the results to determine the timing of the effects. The winter pavement season is projected to end by mid-century, replaced by a lengthening fall season. Seasonal pavement damage, currently dominated by the late spring and summer seasons, is projected to be distributed more evenly throughout the year as temperatures rise. A 7% to 32% increase in the asphalt-layer thickness is recommended to protect the base and subgrade with rising temperatures from early century to late-mid-century.

Revisiting China’s methane emissions from coal sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
China Rose ◽  
Gosat Satellite

<p>Methane emissions associated with human activities contributes significantly to global climate change. China is the world largest methane emitter and the coal mining sector is the largest contributor. Recent atmospheric inversion by Miller et al. using spaceborne column CH<sub>4</sub> concentration measurements inferred that emissions in China rose by more than 1.0 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> yr<sup>−1</sup> from 2010 to 2017 due to the contribution of fossil fuel, especially from coal sector. Here we revisit methane emissions from the coal sector in China by comparing a sectorial bottom up emission inventory (2005-2019) with the results from another ensemble of CH<sub>4</sub> inversions using GOSAT satellite data during 2011-2017. During that period, the bottom up inventory gives an average emission of 17.9 Tg CH4 yr-1 and the median of all inversions of 18.6 Tg CH4 yr-1, with a range of [10.8, 25.6] corresponding to the min-max of all inversions and the use of two gridded maps of emissions to separate the coal sector from total emissions in each inversion grid cell. We confirm the upward trend in methane emissions from the coal sector from 2005 to 2019 observed by Miller et al. In addition, we show that trend accelerated after 2016 as consistently found in the bottom-up inventory and top-down inversions approaches. However, during the period of 2010-2017, the bottom-up inventory and top-down inversions showed opposite trends in emissions. Especially during the period of 2014-2016, emissions from coal sector decreased at a rate of 0.8 Tg CH4 yr-1 using bottom up inventory, while emissions from top-down inversions maintained a relatively high growth rate at 0.4 Tg CH4 yr-1. Suggesting possible underestimation of the emission by bottom up inventories. In addition, we estimates the contribution of abandoned mines to the growth of methane emissions from coal sector was around 20%, we also show a COVID-19 pandemic related sharp dip in methane emission from the coal sector in Feb 2020 and rebound since in April 2020 based on the estimation of monthly bottom-up inventory.</p>

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up
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