What Do Nuclear Weapons Offer States? A Theory of State Foreign Policy Response to Nuclear Acquisition

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Bell
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Nuclear Acquisition

scholarly journals Beyond Emboldenment: How Acquiring Nuclear Weapons Can Change Foreign Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
British Case ◽  
Nuclear Acquisition

What happens to the foreign policies of states when they acquire nuclear weapons? Despite its importance, this question has not been answered satisfactorily. Nuclear weapons can facilitate six conceptually distinct foreign policy behaviors: aggression, expansion, independence, bolstering, steadfastness, and compromise. This typology of foreign policy behaviors enables scholars to move beyond simple claims of “nuclear emboldenment,” and allows for more nuanced examination of the ways in which nuclear weapons affect the foreign policies of current and future nuclear states. The typology also sheds light on Great Britain's response to nuclear acquisition. Britain used nuclear weapons to engage in greater levels of steadfastness in responding to challenges, bolstering junior allies, and demonstrating independence from the United States, but it did not engage in greater levels of aggression, expansion, or compromise. The typology and the British case demonstrate the value of distinguishing among different effects of nuclear weapons acquisition, have implications for scholars' and policymakers' understanding of the role of nuclear weapons in international politics, and suggest avenues for future research.

scholarly journals What explains the lacklustre response to Zika in Brazil? Exploring institutional, economic and health system context

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e000862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J Gómez ◽  
Fernanda Aguilar Perez ◽  
Deisy Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Human Resource Capacity ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
International Pressures

By early-2016, the international community began to pressure Brazil for a stronger policy response to Zika. In contrast to what was seen in the past, however, these international pressures did not elicit such a response. In this article, we explore why this was the case, reviewing the government’s policy response and the broader political and economic context shaping this response. The authors used single case study analysis and qualitative sources, such as books, journal articles, and government policy reports to support their empirical claims. We found that despite increased international pressures from the WHO, domestic political factors and economic recession hampered the government’s ability to strengthen its health systems response to Zika. Consequently, those states most afflicted by Zika have seen policy initiatives that lack sufficient funding, administrative and human resource capacity. This study revealed that despite a government’s deep foreign policy history of positively responding to international pressures through a stronger policy response to health epidemics, a sudden change in government, rising political instability, and economic recession can motivate governments to abandon this foreign policy tradition and undermine its response to new public health threats.

The Nuclear Ban Treaty and the cloud over Trudeau’s ‘feminist’ foreign policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-444
Author(s):  
Lee-Anne Broadhead ◽  
Sean Howard
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
New Era ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
And Gender

The Canadian Liberal government of Justin Trudeau claims to be ushering in a new era of a “feminist” foreign policy. While serious steps have been taken in this direction, this paper focuses on the government’s opposition to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, a treaty that has been negotiated with a logic and language explicitly linking issues of disarmament and gender, reframing “security” as fundamentally a question not of state but of human (and environmental) security. Ignoring its own public statements that repeatedly link women with peace and security, the Trudeau government’s opposition to the Treaty exposes the hollowness of its claims.

Seminar On Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-182
Author(s):  
M.L. Sondhi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Weapons

Foreign Policy Decision Making: The Case of Canada and Nuclear Weapons

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard H. Lentner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
The Government

Foreign policy decision making is the result of a complex political process in which the political values and style of the chief executive play a large part. The case of Canada's decision, in 1963, to acquire nuclear weapons illustrates that external events and pressures generated by Canada's international obligations were processed through complex political interactions. The Government of Prime Minister Diefenbaker was unable to take the nuclear weapons decision because of two splits in the Cabinet, only one of which was pertinent to nuclear weapons policy. The decision was taken by Leader of the Opposition Pearson alone and in conformity with his personal values, because of his political style which commanded deference. The approach used combines historical detail with political analysis.

Anti-Zionism and the Italian Extreme Right

Modern Italy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Chiarini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Alliance ◽  
Over Time

There are few issues that better illustrate the unresolved condition of the Italian right in the postwar period (neo-fascist in identity, democratic from necessity) than that of its stance on Israel, the Jews and Zionism. In the aftermath of the fall of fascism, the right had no difficulty in combining the defence of anti-Jewishness with domestic anti-anti-fascist policies and a foreign policy that was hostile towards the ‘allies’ of 1940–1945. Yet as soon as political competition became oriented around pro- and anti-communism, the right was, over time, driven to play down the recollections of fascism and specifically its antipathy towards Israel, not to mention its anti-Zionism. The exacerbation of the Middle East problem and the right's foreign policy response to it led to a further evolution in its stance, eventually culminating in a definitive end to any ambivalence on the issue with the birth of the ‘National Alliance’. From that point onwards, anti-Zionism found support only in the utterances of neo-Nazi skinheads and the banners of rowdy fans at the ‘northern end’ of football stadia.

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