Who Demands Collective Action in an Imperfect Institutional Environment? A Case-Study of the Professional Community of Attorneys in Russia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Kazun ◽  
Andrei A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Professional Community

scholarly journals Who demands collective action in an imperfect institutional environment? a case study of the profession of advocates in Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Kazun ◽  
Andrei Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
The Core ◽  
Bona Fide

We analyse the profession of criminal defence lawyers (“advocates”) in Russia to understand their potential for collective action in an imperfect institutional environment. In 2013, we conducted a survey of 372 advocates in 9 regions of Russia. The following two main hypotheses are tested: (1) lawyers with strong ethical values have a higher demand for collective action; and (2) the negative experience of clients’ rights violations by law enforcement officers can motivate advocates to support the foundation of a strong professional association. We suggest that an advocate's profession with bona fide members at the core could be an instrument to evaluate and to improve the quality of law enforcement in Russia.

Understanding the Outcomes of Climate Change Campaigns in the Australian Environmental Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robyn Gulliver ◽  
Kelly S. Fielding ◽  
Winnifred Louis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental Advocacy ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Advocacy Network ◽  
Australian Climate

Climate change is a global problem requiring a collective response. Grassroots advocacy has been an important element in propelling this collective response, often through the mechanism of campaigns. However, it is not clear whether the climate change campaigns organized by the environmental advocacy groups are successful in achieving their goals, nor the degree to which other benefits may accrue to groups who run them. To investigate this further, we report a case study of the Australian climate change advocacy sector. Three methods were used to gather data to inform this case study: content analysis of climate change organizations’ websites, analysis of website text relating to campaign outcomes, and interviews with climate change campaigners. Findings demonstrate that climate change advocacy is diverse and achieving substantial successes such as the development of climate change-related legislation and divestment commitments from a range of organizations. The data also highlights additional benefits of campaigning such as gaining access to political power and increasing groups’ financial and volunteer resources. The successful outcomes of campaigns were influenced by the ability of groups to sustain strong personal support networks, use skills and resources available across the wider environmental advocacy network, and form consensus around shared strategic values. Communicating the successes of climate change advocacy could help mobilize collective action to address climate change. As such, this case study of the Australian climate change movement is relevant for both academics focusing on social movements and collective action and advocacy-focused practitioners, philanthropists, and non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals Is There a Need to Conduct Water Rights Transactions in the Water-Rich Areas of China? A Case Study of the Taihu Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengping Wu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Shang Luo ◽  
Junyuan Shen ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Taihu Basin ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Increasing Demand

To alleviate the contradiction between the increasing demand for water and the shortage of resources and to provide a favorable institutional environment for water rights trading, the Chinese government has strengthened the top-level design of water management system. However, the water-rich regions (southern regions of China) have good water resource endowment and a surplus of total water consumption indicators. Does this mean that there is no incentive and no need to conduct water rights trading in these regions? Through the investigation of water rights circulation cases in the Taihu Basin, a typical water-rich region of China, we established the existence of trading demand and some difficulties in conducting transactions. This paper argues that the needs of trading include alleviating the water gap in regional development, solving the water demand for large new projects, coordinating trans-jurisdiction water disputes. The plight of trading includes the lack of awareness, irregular process, excessive administrative intervention, and imperfect trading system.

scholarly journals Investigating the characteristics of MOOCs according to eight critical dimensions: A case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer W.M. Lai ◽  
Matt Bower ◽  
Yvonne Breyer ◽  
John De Nobile
Keyword(s):  
Online Courses ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Text Search ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been a popular trend in the online learning landscape. However, MOOC learners have expressed their dissatisfaction with the courses or problems with course management. To develop a widely accepted MOOC, the main aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of MOOCs by using eight themes: learning outcomes, affective elements, behaviours, design, technology elements, pedagogy, presence and institutional environment. Using the case study approach, we explored the practices of four MOOCs in an Excel specialisation by using student unsolicited feedback, the literature and the analysis of the MOOCs by researchers. We analysed the learners’ posts on the official forums with auto-code sentiment and text search functions in Nvivo 12 Plus. The results of this study showed that high-rated MOOCs had approximately 74.7% of positive sentiments on discussion forums, with 1.2% negative and 24.1% neutral. The results indicated that MOOCs helped learners improve their level of knowledge in the subject area. Teachers/instructors also play a very significant role, and they have to provide clear explanations in different concepts. To conclude, this study intends to offer guidelines to researchers, educators, and MOOC designers to create successful MOOCs by focusing on the eight dimensions.

Collective action for mobile payment platforms: A case study on collaboration issues between banks and telecom operators

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark de Reuver ◽  
Edgar Verschuur ◽  
Fatemeh Nikayin ◽  
Narciso Cerpa ◽  
Harry Bouwman
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Mobile Payment

LESS DIVIDED AFTER ETA? THE EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGICAL CLEAVAGES IN THE BASQUE ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD, 2007–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ciordia
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Political Community ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Civic Organizations

The Basque Country has traditionally been considered a strongly polarized political community. The influence of the center-periphery cleavage and the shadow of political violence have conditioned many aspects of social life, including relations among civic organizations. Previous literature suggests that differences in organizations’ national identities and/or position towards ETA’s (Euskadi ta Askatasuna, or Basque Country and Freedom in the Basque language) violence have often acted as cleavages fragmenting collective action fields. This research examines whether this picture changed substantially after ETA’s abandonment of violence in 2011 by taking the environmental field as a case study and looking at the evolution of patterns of interorganizational collaboration between 2007 and 2017. The results of statistical network analyses show that both Basque nationalism and ideological positions towards ETA’s use of violence had a strong influence on organizations’ decisions to collaborate with one another up to 2011, whereas during the more recent postconflict period, collaboration seems to occur in a more pluralistic and less ideologically driven fashion.

Exiles as Solidary Intermediaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-87
Author(s):  
Ashwini Vasanthakumar
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Solidarity

This chapter explores solidarity as a mode of collective action by which exiles ought to seek assistance. It applies Avery Kolers’s account of political solidarity, which is especially attentive to the asymmetries between those seeking assistance—solidary objects—and those providing assistance—solidary agents. In particular, Kolers’s requirement of deference addresses concerns about motivation, coordination, and asymmetry. I argue that, in order to realize this model of solidarity, a third category of actors—solidary intermediaries—is essential. I outline the requirements of acting as a solidary intermediary and assess how well exiles can meet these requirements. Drawing on the case study of Chilean exiles, I illustrate exiles’ role in enabling solidarity and the challenges they face in doing so.

The Strategic Use of Women Candidates in Post-Scandal Environments

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-94
Author(s):  
Melody E. Valdini
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Large N ◽  
Party Elites

Chapter 4 examines the inclusion calculations of party elites in the aftermath of a massive corruption scandal. It argues that party elites have an incentive to strategically increase the presence of women candidates in such an environment in order to associate themselves and their party with stereotypical feminine traits, but this incentive is not always enough to trigger inclusion. Case study analyses of Spain, Portugal, and Ireland are presented, with evidence that political parties in Spain and Portugal recruit and run more women candidates in high-profile positions after a massive scandal breaks but, due to the high “costs” of running women in the institutional environment of Ireland, this effect is not found there. Finally, the chapter presents a large-N regression analysis of legislative electoral results over a period of 20 years, with evidence that more women win legislative seats in the aftermath of a corruption scandal.

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