((((((((( ) (Cyclical Fluctuations in the World Economy and Russian Anti-Crisis Policy (Development in a Globalizing Economic Crises))

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamikon Sergeevich Airapetyan ◽  
Natalya E. Aleschenko
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
The World

scholarly journals ECONOMIC CRISES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY AND THE IMPACT ON STATE SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (17(67)) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zając
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lehman Brothers ◽  
The World ◽  
Greek Government ◽  
The Impact

The economic crises of the 21st century have severely damaged the world economy. The first big crisis began in 2008 with the bankruptcy of one of the largest banks in the US, the Lehman Brothers Bank. The next crisis mainly affected Europe and was associated with the disclosure by the Greek government in 2009 of the dire state of public finances and huge monetary embezzlement. This crisis had a negative impact on many European countries belonging to the euro zone, as well as on many other countries outside this area, indirectly reducing investment or limiting international trade. Another crisis is related to the coronavirus pandemic announced at the beginning of 2020. At that time, most countries in the world have made a "lockdown" of the economy for many weeks. Various sectors of the economy were restricted or completely shut down almost overnight, seriously affecting societies

scholarly journals The phenomenon of cyclical fluctuations on the pork market - global perspective

Management ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Stępień ◽  
Jan Polcyn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
The World ◽  
Pig Meat ◽  
Country Specific

Summary The aim of publication was to recognize the characteristics and morphology of today’s hog cycle. The hypothesis was that known in the economy since the second half of the nineteenth century hog cycle is also a typical phenomenon in the contemporary economy. It is also claimed that cyclical supply changes of pig meat are not synchronized between countries. Fluctuations in production are country-specific and are influenced by local conditions. While in the case of pork prices there is a characteristic broad convergence of cycle between countries. Development of world trade exchange and economic integration of groups of countries lead to uniformity of cyclical changes in prices. The study included the world economy and eight selected countries with the largest share in the global production and/or foreign trade. The time range of empirical analysis (analyzing fluctuations in supply and prices) concerned the period 1991-2012.

scholarly journals History of Economic Crises: Economic-Mathematical Verification of the Main Conclusions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
G. A. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The World

The market economy is subject to its own special laws. Its spontaneous character is revealed during crises — the unknown phenomena of world economic life, the nature of which has not yet received a generally recognized explanation in economic science. This article is an attempt to comprehend the causes and consequences of economic crises, to classify them by the nature of the forming processes, as well as to give an economic and mathematical justification of the scientific conclusions of the proposed research. The conclusions presented in the article are based on the results of processing a wide array of unique statistical data for more than 200 years of development of the world economy. A significant part of the work is devoted to verification of the findings of the study through economic and mathematical modeling using the software platform “Infoanalytic”, the intellectual basis of which is the methodology of the regularizing Bayesian approach (modification of the “traditional” Bayesian approach) and Bayesian intelligent measurements designed to generate stable estimates under conditions of significant uncertainty as a priori, and the actual information coming in the current mode as well as. The article highlights the results of a retrospective analysis of the development of the world economy since the industrial revolution of the XVIII century. The revealed regularities allow forming the hypothesis explaining the causes of differences in the realization of economic phenomena at all stages of the long-term cyclic process.

Free trade, British hegemony and the international economic order in the nineteenth century

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick K. O'Brien ◽  
Geoffrey Allen Pigman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
The World

The theory (or rather the notion) that the international economy functioned more or less effectively for roughly a century down to 1914 because Great Britain provided the ‘public goods’ required for the smooth operation of the ‘liberal international order’ has become a textbook generalization. That notion emerged quite recently and can be traced to Kindleberger's attempt to explain the pronounced cyclical fluctuations experienced by the world economy during the interwar years 1919–39, as well as the severity and duration of the Great Depression from 1929–33 in terms of the American failure to sustain conditions necessary for the financial stability of an interdependent global economy. In Kindleberger's view, Britain, which had acted as a hegemonic power before 1914, lacked the resources to continue with its historic role after the Great War, while the United States (which by 1918 enjoyed a position in the world economy of arguably greater weight and significance than the United Kingdom had ever possessed during the long nineteenth century) commanded neither the knowledge nor the political will to replace Britain as the responsible hegemonic power until after the Second World War.

Guidelines for the development of the world economy in the conditions of overcoming the deindustrialization processes

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Anna Voloshanska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Production Capacities

The article deals with the features of the industrialization period, which are inherent in the world economy in the present conditions. Four models of industrialization that can exist at the present stage of economic development are considered: post-industrialization characterized by the development of technologies of the 5th mode, which in the conditions of de-industrialization stipulate bringing of low-tech industries outside the country and introduction of high-tech industrial capacities), neo-industrialization (characterized by the development of technologies of the 6th mode (including nanominiaturization, bio-technologization, cognitivization, 3D printing development), necro-industrialization (characterized by the predominance of industries with technologies of the 3rd and 4th ways, which under conditions of de-industrialization "undergo" the reduction of production capacities due to their physical deterioration and lack of demand for products), traditional industrialization (characterized by the predominance of extractive industries, heavy and low process engineering, development of 3rd and 4th modes technology that are upgraded to meet the challenges of today's market). The Europe 2020 strategy, launched in 2010 by the European Commission is analyzed in terms of industrial policy development. The paper identifies that the European Union's new economic course is based on maintenance of smart sustainable economic development to achieve high employment, productivity and social cohesion. The key guidelines for the development of the world economy are determined on the basis of reasonable growth, sustainable and comprehensive development in the context of overcoming de-industrialization and transition to the sixth technological way.

Foreign Direct Investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Carmen Veronica Zefinescu ◽  
Marian Cătălin Voica ◽  
Panait Mirela
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The World ◽  
Transnational Companies

The world economy is in constant change, the action of multiple forces is sometimes divergent. Transnational corporations and foreign direct investment (FDI) are one of the most important forces contributing to the remodeling of the world economy and host countries. In this article, the authors focused their analysis on the factors favoring the attraction of FDI by the host countries and the motivation of the transnational companies to investment abroad. In the final part of the article, the authors analyzed the flows of FDI for the period 2000-2014. The objectives of this article are to detect changes that have been made to companies' determinants to invest abroad and the evolution of FDI flows, given the period of global economic crises.

The USA: Three Socio-economic problems

2013 ◽  
pp. 48-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Economy ◽  
Innovation Processes

The article considers various aspects of three areas of American socio-economic life, which are the most important for understanding in today’s world. They are the middle class and social inequality, fixed investments, budget and debt problems. The studies of the American economy and social innovation processes are really important for the world economy. Economic development of the country, whose GDP is a quarter of the planet’s, has a huge direct impact on the economy and policy of the rest of the world. These trends and processes have a significant demonstration effect, they are used as a source of argument in decision-making or policy development in other countries.

scholarly journals Cyclic component of world trade development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Natalia Balabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

The paper examines the cyclical and structural changes in world trade that affect its development and dynamics. It is determined that each of the stages of development of international trade is characterized by certain factors and development trends; features that reflect the level of internationalization of production and the role of international trade in the development of national economies; priority methods of regulating foreign trade by most countries. The study of the dynamics of world trade since 1800, taking into account its general upward trend, has identified a certain cycle of its development, which at different times was caused by changes in the structure of productive forces, development of new technologies, actions and factors of political and military nature. The fluctuations obtained as a result of the study have different durations and reach the lowest points of fall and the highest points of growth of world trade at different intervals. The most stable in terms of frequency and amplitude of fluctuations in world trade are the periods from mid-1850 to the First World War and 1950-1974. The most critical is the period 1915-1938, for which cyclical fluctuations in world exports are characterized by the highest amplitude. Also, statistical analysis of the data allows to determine the cyclical development of the world economy and its synchronicity with the cyclical fluctuations of world trade with the definition of certain cycles equal to 15-18 years. The current stage is characterized by a slowdown in world export growth. In 2009, the decline in economic activity was the largest among all global recessions. The data show that trade is not even keeping pace with world production growth, and over the past eleven years its average rate has been 2.2% (with the exception of strong surges in 2010-2011) against 3.07% of world GDP growth. The lack of trade dynamism in the last ten years is explained by the weakness of aggregate demand, especially in the euro area. The slowdown in world trade is also linked to the completion of the integration of China and Central and Eastern Europe into the world trading system. The third explanation is the increasing appeal of countries around the world to protectionist measures in international trade in order to stabilize national economies. Many countries have temporarily abandoned normal trade conditions and opted for a more restrained format of mutual trade with other countries. Determining the prospects for the development of the world economy and international trade, WTO experts provide a range of forecast forecasts for 2020 - from 5% to 11% and from 8% to 20.4%, respectively.

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