Separating Homophily and Peer Influence with Latent Space

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P Davin ◽  
Sunil Gupta ◽  
Mikolaj Jan Piskorski
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Latent Space

The Dark Tetrad

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Boban Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are personality traits understood to be dispositions toward amoral and antisocial behavior. Recent research has suggested that sadism should also be added to this set of traits. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis proposing that these four traits are expressions of one superordinate construct: The Dark Tetrad. Exploration of the latent space of four “dark” traits suggested that the singular second-order factor which represents the Dark Tetrad can be extracted. Analysis has shown that Dark Tetrad traits can be located in the space of basic personality traits, especially on the negative pole of the Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotionality dimensions. We conclude that sadism behaves in a similar manner as the other dark traits, but it cannot be reduced to them. The results support the concept of “Dark Tetrad.”

Contribution of Demographics, Sociological Factors, and Media Usage to Verbal Aggressiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Glascock
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Rap Music ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Sociological Factors

Given the increasing relevance of verbal aggression in today’s society, the goal of this study was to assess the relative contributions of potential demographic and sociological factors. Emerging adults were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using correlations and hierarchical regression. While television viewing, video game playing, and music listening were positively correlated with verbal aggression, only (rap) music listening remained significant when demographic and other sociological influences were factored in. Overall, the hierarchical regression analysis found religiosity, parental and peer influence, quality of neighborhood, sex, and media usage (listening to rap music) to be significant contributors to verbal aggression among emerging adults. Male participants reported more verbally aggressive behavior than women, and African Americans reported more verbal aggression than White respondents. While media usage seems to play a significant, but relatively small role, other demographic and sociological factors such as gender, neighborhood, religion, peers, and parents appear to be major contributors in the development of verbal aggression among emerging adults.

Positional Estimation Within a Latent Space Model for Networks

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Shortreed ◽  
Mark S. Handcock ◽  
Peter Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Latent Space Model ◽  
Modeling Data

Recent advances in latent space and related random effects models hold much promise for representing network data. The inherent dependency between ties in a network makes modeling data of this type difficult. In this article we consider a recently developed latent space model that is particularly appropriate for the visualization of networks. We suggest a new estimator of the latent positions and perform two network analyses, comparing four alternative estimators. We demonstrate a method of checking the validity of the positional estimates. These estimators are implemented via a package in the freeware statistical language R. The package allows researchers to efficiently fit the latent space model to data and to visualize the results.

Women's Subjective Sexual Satisfaction: Current and Adolescent Peer Influence

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara K. Bridges ◽  
Linda R. Baggett ◽  
Kristen Stone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Peer Influence

PENERAPAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN DIRI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS NETRA DI PANTI SOSIAL BINA NETRA WYATA GUNA BANDUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutmainah .
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Post Test

Abstract This research aims to examine the implementation of cognitive behaviour therapy to self-confidence of people with disability at Wyata Guna Social Institution for People with Visual Impaired, the subject is 1 person, total visual impaired (IK), 20 years old, has low confidence according to the observation conducted in accordance with confidence characteristic by Peter Lauster (2002) related to stuttering, less participate in starting talk, aloof behaviour and supported by the score of Peter Lauster (2002) self-confidence test translated by Gulo that IK has low confidence characteristic. The method used action research with Single Subject Design ABA model which is aimed to monitor IK behaviour on baseline (A1), intervention and baseline (A2) phase.The result showed that the Cognitive Behavior Therapy intervention proved to enhance self-confidence of people with visual impaired. According to the observation there is a change in positive and significant that is proven from the hypothesis result to the bahavior where the deviation gained is greater than 2 standard deviant (2SD). Moreover it is also supported by the score of self-confidence test of Peter Lauster (2002) on the post-test that has increased with strong average category. Researcher also performed epsilon variable measurement to know the determination coefficient level with a score of 94% while the 6% is the epsilon variable outside factor of Cognitive Behavior Therapy such as influence from family especially parents and peer influence in the environment of subject that contributes to self-confidence of research subject (IK). The interview result showed that IK experienced positive benefit by following the intervention program. Key words: Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Self-Confidence Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji penerapan cognitive behavior therapy terhadap kepercayaan diri penyandang disabilitas netra di Panti Sosial Bina Netra Wyata Guna Bandung. Subjek penelitian berjumlah satu orang, penyandang disabilitas netra total (IK), usia 20 tahun, memiliki kepercayaan diri rendah berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan sesuai dengan karakterisitik kepercayaan diri menurut Peter Lauster (2002) yang berkaitan dengan perilaku gagap, perilaku kurang berinisiatif dalam memulai pembicaraan, perilaku menyendiri, dan didukung juga berdasarkan skor Tes Kepercayaan Diri Peter Lauster (2002) diterjemahkan oleh Gulo bahwa IK memiliki kategori kepercayaan diri rata-rata lemah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan (action reseach), dengan desain penelitian Single Subject Design model ABA yang bertujuan memonitor perilaku IK pada fase baseline (A1), fase intervensi, dan fase baseline (A2).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy terbukti dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri penyandang disabilitas netra. Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan mengalami perubahan yang positif dan signifikan, hal tersebut terbukti pada hasil uji hipotesis terhadap perilaku di mana nilai selisih yang diperoleh lebih besar dari 2 standard deviant (2SD). Selain itu didukung pula dengan hasil skor tes kepercayaan diri Peter Lauster (2002) pada post-test yang mengalami peningkatan dengan kategori rata-rata kuat. Peneliti juga melaksanakan pengukuran variabel epsilon untuk mengetahu tingkat koefisien determinasi dengan nilai 94%, sedangkan 6% lagi adalah nilai dari variabel epsilon yaitu faktor di luar penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy berupa pengaruh dari keluarga terutama orangtua dan pengaruh teman sebaya dari lingkungan subjek yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri subjek penelitian (IK). Hasil wawancara juga menunjukkan bahwa IK merasakan manfaat positif dengan mengikuti program intervensi. Kata kunci: Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Kepercayaan Diri

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