scholarly journals Self-Insurance, Self-Protection, and Increased Risk Aversion: An Intertemporal Reinvestigation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Hofmann ◽  
Richard Peter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Protection

Self-insurance, self-protection and increased risk aversion

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Dionne ◽  
Louis Eeckhoudt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Protection

scholarly journals Large-scale application of the flood damage model RAilway Infrastructure Loss (RAIL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patric Kellermann ◽  
Christine Schönberger ◽  
Annegret H. Thieken
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Experience has shown that river floods can significantly hamper the reliability of railway networks and cause extensive structural damage and disruption. As a result, the national railway operator in Austria had to cope with financial losses of more than EUR 100 million due to flooding in recent years. Comprehensive information on potential flood risk hot spots as well as on expected flood damage in Austria is therefore needed for strategic flood risk management. In view of this, the flood damage model RAIL (RAilway Infrastructure Loss) was applied to estimate (1) the expected structural flood damage and (2) the resulting repair costs of railway infrastructure due to a 30-, 100- and 300-year flood in the Austrian Mur River catchment. The results were then used to calculate the expected annual damage of the railway subnetwork and subsequently analysed in terms of their sensitivity to key model assumptions. Additionally, the impact of risk aversion on the estimates was investigated, and the overall results were briefly discussed against the background of climate change and possibly resulting changes in flood risk. The findings indicate that the RAIL model is capable of supporting decision-making in risk management by providing comprehensive risk information on the catchment level. It is furthermore demonstrated that an increased risk aversion of the railway operator has a marked influence on flood damage estimates for the study area and, hence, should be considered with regard to the development of risk management strategies.

scholarly journals What motivates avoidance in paranoia? Three failures to find a betrayal aversion effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Greenburgh ◽  
Joseph M Barnby ◽  
Raphaëlle Delpech ◽  
Adam Kenny ◽  
Vaughan Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Aversion Effect ◽  
Large N ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Betrayal Aversion

Believing that others intend to harm you (paranoia) is often accompanied by social withdrawal, avoidance and isolation. We investigated whether paranoia is related to betrayal aversion: the tendency to avoid potential harm caused by other people over and above an equivalent harm caused by a non-social mechanism. Across three large-N (Ntotal=2433) pre-registered online studies, we employed a game theoretic paradigm where participants engaged in interactions with real players. Studies 1 and 2 explored betrayal aversion by eliciting participants’ willingness to enter interactions where monetary reward was either determined by another player or a lottery. Study 3 examined betrayal aversion in a context where choices were not financially-incentivised. Paranoia was not associated with betrayal aversion or risk aversion in any study. We consider two possibilities: that paranoia does not involve increased risk aversion or betrayal aversion, or that the paradigm was limited in terms of its ability to trigger betrayal and risk aversion behaviour in paranoia.

scholarly journals Impact of Induced Moods, Sensation Seeking, and Emotional Contagion on Economic Decisions Under Risk

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Efimov ◽  
Ioannis Ntoumanis ◽  
Olga Kuskova ◽  
Dzerassa Kadieva ◽  
Ksenia Panidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Decisions Under Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sad Mood

In addition to probabilities of monetary gains and losses, personality traits, socio-economic factors, and specific contexts such as emotions and framing influence financial risk taking. Here, we investigated the effects of joyful, neutral, and sad mood states on participants’ risk-taking behaviour in a simple task with safe and risky options. We also analysed the effect of framing on risk taking. In different trials, a safe option was framed in terms of either financial gains or losses. Moreover, we investigated the effects of emotional contagion and sensation-seeking personality traits on risk taking in this task. We did not observe a significant effect of induced moods on risk taking. Sad mood resulted in a slight non-significant trend of risk aversion compared to a neutral mood. Our results partially replicate previous findings regarding the presence of the framing effect. As a novel finding, we observed that participants with a low emotional contagion score demonstrated increased risk aversion during a sad mood and a similar trend at the edge of significance was present in high sensation seekers. Overall, our results highlight the importance of taking into account personality traits of experimental participants in financial risk-taking studies.

Vulnerability to Victimization, Concurrent Problem Behaviors, and Peer Influence as Predictors of In-School Weapon Carrying Among High School Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Simon ◽  
Clyde W. Dent ◽  
Steve Sussman
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Concurrent Problem ◽  
Self Protection

Previous research has indicated the potential relevance of three constructs in the prediction of adolescent weapon carrying, (a) general delinquency, (b) self-protection, and (c) social influence. The current study tests the independent associations between in-school weapon carrying and these three constructs. The sample consisted of 504 students from seven southern California high schools. Overall, 25% of the sample carried a weapon to school in the last year. Self-defense was the most commonly reported reason for in-school weapon carrying. The results from a simultaneous logistic regression analysis indicated increased risk of in-school weapon carrying among students who are male, who are affiliated with gangs or tagging crews, who are exposed to peers who carry weapons to school, and who feel vulnerable to being victimized. Prevention programs targeted at reducing in-school weapon carrying may benefit from a comprehensive focus that includes efforts to reduce involvement in other problem behaviors, influence norms regarding weapon carrying, and reduce actual and perceived vulnerability to victimization.

scholarly journals Large-scale application of the flood damage model Railway Infrastructure Loss (RAIL)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patric Kellermann ◽  
Christine Schönberger ◽  
Annegret H. Thieken
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Experience has shown that river floods can significantly hamper the reliability of railway networks and cause extensive structural damage and disruption. As a result, the national railway operator in Austria had to cope with financial losses of more than one hundred million euros due to flooding in recent years. Comprehensive information on potential flood risk hot spots as well as on expected flood damage in Austria is therefore needed for strategic flood risk management. In view of this, the flood damage model RAIL (RAilway Infrastructure Loss) was applied to estimate 1) the expected structural flood damage, and 2) the resulting repair costs of railway infrastructure due to a 30-year, 100-year and 300-year flood in the Austrian Mur River catchment. The results were then used to calculate the expected annual damage of the railway subnetwork and subsequently analysed in terms of their sensitivity to key model assumptions. Additionally, the impact of risk aversion on the estimates was investigated, and the overall results were briefly discussed against the background of climate change and possibly resulting changes in flood risk. The findings indicate that the RAIL model is capable of supporting decision-making in risk management by providing comprehensive risk information on the catchment level. It is furthermore demonstrated that an increased risk aversion of the railway operator has a marked influence on flood damage estimates for the study area and, hence, should be considered with regard to the development of risk management strategies.

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