scholarly journals The Intergenerational Dynamics of Social Inequality Empirical Evidence from Europe and the United States

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Eberharter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergenerational Dynamics

scholarly journals Bourdieu and Critical Autoethnography: Implications for Research, Writing, and Teaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Reed-Danahay
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Writing ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Critical Autoethnography

This article argues that by combining critical ethnographic and autoethnographic perspectives we can move beyond the insider/outsider dualism, better understand the ways in which stories of personal experience are “strategic,” and interrogate the broader contexts and processes of social inequality that shape life trajectories. The potential contributions to critical autoethnography of the reflexive approach of “self-analysis” advocated by Pierre Bourdieu are discussed. The author draws upon her uses of critical autoethnography in research (in France and the United States) and in teaching about immigration. 

scholarly journals Social Inequality and the Future of US Life Expectancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Gutin ◽  
Robert A. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Population Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Extreme Longevity

Despite decades of progress, the future of life expectancy in the United States is uncertain due to widening socioeconomic disparities in mortality, continued disparities in mortality across racial/ethnic groups, and an increase in extrinsic causes of death. These trends prompt us to scrutinize life expectancy in a high-income but enormously unequal society like the United States, where social factors determine who is most able to maximize their biological lifespan. After reviewing evidence for biodemographic perspectives on life expectancy, the uneven diffusion of health-enhancing innovations throughout the population, and the changing nature of threats to population health, we argue that sociology is optimally positioned to lead discourse on the future of life expectancy. Given recent trends, sociologists should emphasize the importance of the social determinants of life expectancy, redirecting research focus away from extending extreme longevity and toward research on social inequality with the goal of improving population health for all. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 47 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

An Examination of Audit Quality Surrounding Within-Firm Engagement Office Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 0148558X2110596
Author(s):  
Adam J. Greiner ◽  
Julia L. Higgs ◽  
Thomas J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
Main Association

We examine the relation between within-firm office changes and audit quality in the United States. Our primary analysis documents a reduction in audit quality, measured using abnormal discretionary accruals and restatements, when the client is transferred to a smaller within-firm office (downsize effect). We are unable to find evidence that clients experience significant improvement in audit quality among transfers to a larger within-firm office (upsize effect). We then condition our sample on the change in the number of public clients of the receiving office to better understand the source of the underlying association. We find that our downsize effect is driven by offices experiencing a decrease in the number of public clients, suggesting that our main association is not entirely the result of resource constraints for the receiving office. We posit that this finding is consistent with audit quality deterioration among within-firm office changes to smaller offices driven, in part, by the receiving office’s inability to adequately overcome the knowledge transfer frictions that accompany a move to a new office. Our findings offer empirical evidence on consequences of within-firm office changes and are particularly relevant to regulators and preparers.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jennifer Patico
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Charter School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the argument of the book: that tensions in the way middle-class parents treat children’s food reflect the influence of an underlying ethic that is linked with neoliberal capitalism and that shapes social inequality in the United States. Several literatures and subthemes are introduced, including the politics of parenting in the United States; middle-class aesthetics and anxieties, particularly as these relate to parenting and food; and theories of neoliberalism and its impacts on selfhood and everyday life. In addition, this chapter describes the research setting of the book: “Hometown,” a K–8 charter school and the urban, gentrifying area of Atlanta in which it is located. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of the ethnographic methods used to collect materials for this book, including reflexive discussion of the ethnographer’s positioning.

scholarly journals Security communities and the habitus of restraint: Germany and the United States on Iraq

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORNELIU BJOLA ◽  
MARKUS KORNPROBST
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Security Community ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Security Communities

ABSTRACTBorrowing from Norbert Elias, we introduce the habitus of restraint to the study of security communities. This habitus constitutes a key dimension of the glue that holds security communities together. The perceived compatibility of practices emanating from the habitus that members hold fosters the collective identity upon which a security community is built. The violation of a member’s habitus by the practices of another member, however, disrupts the reproduction of collective identity and triggers a crisis of the security community. Our analysis of Germany’s reaction to Washington’s case for war against Iraq provides empirical evidence for the salience of the habitus for the internal dynamics of security communities.

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