Odd Lot Trades: The Behavior, Characteristics, and Information Content, Over Time

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy Johnson
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Suha S. Al-Thanyyan ◽  
Aqil M. Azmi

Text simplification (TS) reduces the complexity of the text to improve its readability and understandability, while possibly retaining its original information content. Over time, TS has become an essential tool in helping those with low literacy levels, non-native learners, and those struggling with various types of reading comprehension problems. In addition, it is used in a preprocessing stage to enhance other NLP tasks. This survey presents an extensive study of current research studies in the field of TS, as well as covering resources, corpora, and evaluation methods that have been used in those studies.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Horowitz

ABSTRACT            Based on the results of the 63 games played in each of the 32 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournaments held from 1985 through 2016 it is shown that the information content of the seeding of the 64 teams invited to participate as to the seed of the eventual winner, varies from year to year, but not in any consistent fashion. The paper thus concludes that the Selection Committee’s seeding process has not improved over time, notwithstanding the availability of more sophisticated metrics for evaluating the teams’ regular-season performance. The fact that a 1-seed wins some 60 percent of the time and a top-three-seed wins 88 percent of the time only reflects the fact that the committee is not seeding the teams at random, but rather is exercising a modicum of judgment, aided and abetted by the tournament’s design. 


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 160076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia K. Greene ◽  
Kathleen E. Grogan ◽  
Kendra N. Smyth ◽  
Christine A. Adams ◽  
Skylar A. Klager ◽  
...  

Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources; however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a ‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling, which, respectively, posit that mixing scents functions to increase information content or prolong signal longevity. Our subjects—adult, male ring-tailed lemurs ( Lemur catta )—have a complex scent-marking repertoire, involving volatile antebrachial (A) secretions, deposited pure or after being mixed with a squalene-rich paste exuded from brachial (B) glands. Using behavioural bioassays, we examined recipient responses to odorants collected from conspecific strangers. We concurrently presented pure A, pure B and mixed A + B secretions, in fresh or decayed conditions. Lemurs preferentially responded to mixed over pure secretions, their interest increasing and shifting over time, from sniffing and countermarking fresh mixtures, to licking and countermarking decayed mixtures. Substituting synthetic squalene (S)—a well-known fixative—for B secretions did not replicate prior results: B secretions, which contain additional chemicals that probably encode salient information, were preferred over pure S. Whereas support for the ‘multiple-messages’ hypothesis underscores the unique contribution from each of an animal's various secretions, support for the ‘fixative’ hypothesis highlights the synergistic benefits of composite signals.


2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Buchheit ◽  
Mark Kohlbeck

We investigate the potential historic decline in the information content of earnings announcements. Like Beaver (1968) we focus on the incremental information content of accounting earnings announcements—whether the announcements convey “new news” to the market as evidenced by unusual price movements. We investigate the price reaction to earnings announcements of a broad range of firms over a 23-year time period (1975 through 1997). We find that, on average, the price reaction to earnings announcements has increased over time. However, the robustness of this finding is called into question based on two factors. First, we find that the change in price reaction to earnings varies depending on the size of firms analyzed. Specifically, we find some evidence that small firms exhibit a decreasing price reaction to earnings announcements over time, while larger firms consistently exhibit an increasing price reaction to earnings announcements. Second, we find that a minority of firms drives the observed increase in price reaction indicating that a cross-sectional mean reaction does not imply such a reaction is typical for individual earnings announcements.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.


Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.


1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.


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