scholarly journals The Network Origins of Large Economic Downturns

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Asuman E. Ozdaglar ◽  
Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Downturns

Creative Destruction and the Bright Side of Economic Downturns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Amini ◽  
Andrew MacKinlay ◽  
James Peter Weston
Keyword(s):  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Bright Side

scholarly journals Recession, Local Fertility, and Urban Sustainability: Results of a Quasi-Experiment in Greece, 1991–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Rosanna Salvia ◽  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Fertility is a spatially non-stationary property of regional demographic systems. Despite the wealth of quantitative (micro–macro) information delineating short-term population dynamics in advanced economies, the contribution of economic downturns to local fertility has still been under-investigated along urban–rural gradients, especially in low-fertility contexts. Recent studies have assumed suburban fertility rates as systematically higher than urban and rural fertility rates. This assumption (hereafter known as the “suburban fertility hypothesis”) has been grounded on stylized facts and spatial regularities in advanced economies that reflect a significant role of both macro (contextual) and micro (behavioral) factors that positively influence fertility in suburban locations. To test the suburban fertility hypothesis at the macro-scale, the present study compares gross fertility rates from seven regional units of the Athens metropolitan area between 1991 and 2018. A refined spatial analysis of gross fertility rates during an economic expansion (1999–2008) and recession (2009–2018) was carried out in 115 urban, suburban, and rural municipalities of the same area. Experiencing sequential waves of economic expansion and recession, Athens’ socio-demographic dynamics were considered a sort of “quasi-experiment” for Southern Europe, linking late suburbanization with the multiple impacts of (rapid) economic downturns. Compared with both urban and rural locations, a higher fertility rate in suburban municipalities (15–20 km away from downtown Athens) was observed during the study period. However, a subtle distinction was observed during the economic expansion versus the recession. In the first period, the highest birth rates were recorded in industrial locations west of Athens, hosting economically disadvantaged communities with a relatively young population structure. With the recession, the highest fertility was associated with residential and service-specialized (wealthier) locations east of Athens, attracting resident population from neighboring areas, and better responding to crisis. The results of our study document how recent urban expansion and economic downturns have intrinsically shaped fertility dynamics, with implications for urban sustainability and social cohesion of metropolitan regions.

Cordycepin as a Promising Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Yuan-Bing Wang ◽  
Stavros P. Papadakos ◽  
Hong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Global Threat

Background: SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan, China, is a new global threat that has killed millions of people and continues to do so. This pandemic has not only threatened human life but has also triggered economic downturns across the world. Researchers have made significant strides in discovering molecular insights into SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and developing vaccines, but there is still no successful cure for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Objective: The present study has proposed a drug-repositioning pipeline for the design and discovery of an effective fungal-derived bioactive metabolite as a drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Fungal derivative “Cordycepin” was selected for this study to investigate the inhibitory properties against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (PDB ID: 6M71) of SARS-CoV-2. The pharmacological profile, intermolecular interactions, binding energy, and stability of the compound were determined utilizing cheminformatic approaches. Subsequently, molecular dynamic simulation was performed to better understand the binding mechanism of cordycepin to RdRp. Results: The pharmacological data and retrieved molecular dynamics simulations trajectories suggest excellent drug-likeliness and greater structural stability of cordycepin, while the catalytic residues (Asp760, Asp761), as well as other active site residues (Trp617, Asp618, Tyr619, Trp800, Glu811) of RdRp, showed better stability during the overall simulation span. Conclusion: Promising results of pharmacological investigation along with molecular simulations revealed that cordycepin exhibited strong inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 polymerase enzyme (RdRp). Hence, cordycepin should be highly recommended to test in a laboratory to confirm its inhibitory potential against the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase enzyme (RdRp).

Economic Downturns and Leisure in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hongzhou Pei ◽  
Wanglin Ma ◽  
Puneet Vatsa ◽  
Zhiyong Niu ◽  
Ruochen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Downturns

Measuring the systemic importance of large US banks

FEDS Notes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2988) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hawley ◽  
◽  
Marco Migueis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Financial Firm

The failure of large and connected financial institutions often leads to system-wide financial crises and economic downturns (Labonte 2015). Even absent outright failure and bankruptcy, perceived weakness of a large and connected financial firm can result in decrease valuation of other firms – due to perceived linkages – and overall decrease in market liquidity.

Why Countries ‘Get Tough on the Work-Shy’: The Role of Adverse Economic Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 615-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLO KNOTZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Large N ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractThere has been a clear trend toward greater conditionality and coercion in labour market and social policy in recent decades, a key part of which is tougher sanctions for unemployment benefit claimants who refuse offers of employment or otherwise fail to comply with their obligations. Our understanding of this trend and its determinants is so far built only on a corpus of small-N evidence, while systematic comparative large-N analyses are lacking. As a result, the broad patterns of policy change and their general political drivers remain underexplored. This paper fills this gap by examining unemployment benefit sanction reforms in 20 democracies between 1980 and 2012 using an original dataset. It is shown that governments introduce tougher sanctions in order to reconcile two competing pressures that arise during economic downturns: an increased need for social protection and reduced fiscal revenues. The findings, which are also applicable to other historical periods and policy areas, provide an impulse for future comparative large-N research on ‘demanding activation’ policies.

scholarly journals Economic downturns and population mental health: research findings, gaps, challenges and priorities

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zivin ◽  
M. Paczkowski ◽  
S. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Conceptual Explanations

Prior research suggests that the current global economic crisis may be negatively affecting population mental health. In that context, this paper has several goals: (1) to discuss theoretical and conceptual explanations for how and why economic downturns might negatively affect population mental health; (2) present an overview of the literature on the relationship between economic recessions and population mental health; (3) discuss the limitations of existing empirical work; and (4) highlight opportunities for improvements in both research and practice designed to mitigate any negative impact of economic declines on the mental health of populations. Research has consistently demonstrated that economic crises are negatively associated with population mental health. How economic downturns influence mental health should be considered in policies such as social protection programs that aim to promote recovery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document