scholarly journals A Twin Crisis With Multiple Banks of Issue: Spain in the 1860s

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Moro ◽  
Galo Nuno ◽  
Pedro Tedde de Lorca
Keyword(s):  
Twin Crisis

A comparative Study in the Role of Private Sector in Relationships Analysis between Economic Sustainability and COVID-19: Evidence from Iraq and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hazim Altameemi ◽  
Hakeem Hammood Flayyih
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Twin Crisis ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Global Health Problem

The study is designed to investigate the effect of the twin crisis on the private sector and national outlook of the oil dependent nations of Iraq and Russia. It is specifically aimed to evaluate and compare the recovery strategies put in place to survive the small and medium size enterprise. It is also of specific concern to estimate the end to pressure on this sector resulting from the global health problem. Descriptive and comparative research methods forms the central analytical tools employed to synthesis the research dilemma. A year sample t-test is used to compare the level of pressure on the private sector, recovery strategies, it results, performance of other sectors and macroeconomic performance proxies. As members of Organization of Petroleum Export Countries, Iraq and Russia private sector under performed in 2020. The t-statistic results confirm no significant mean difference in the effect of the 2020 twin crisis on private sector of both nations. However, the findings noted COVID-19 rules abiding (high stringency index) and financial leverage aim to support the agro-sector as the Iraqi economy resilient strategies. Russia though with increase financial leverage, focuses on vaccine production and distribution. It is for this reason that the t-statistic noted a significant different in recovery/infected between both nations. Russia should endeavor to improve its stringency index while furthering its vaccination efforts. Iraq needs to engage more vaccination campaign while keeping an eye on it agro sector.

scholarly journals Mutualizing Euro Area debt without a Fiscal Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause Montalbert
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Sovereign Debt Crisis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Twin Crisis ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis

Several years have passed since the onset of the most recent financial crisis, and Europe is still not “off the hook.”  A twin crisis emerged: the sovereign debt crisis.  The main objective of this paper is to design a mechanism for pooling Euro Area debt together, in order to lower short-term interest rates, and limit the risk of contagion.  This design, which draws from existing proposals for jointly issued bonds in the Euro Area, contains features that would make it acceptable for participants (such as no ex-ante fiscal transfers across countries, and widespread benefits from lower debt-service payments), while placing a reasonable cap on potential losses from default by other participants through limited liability.

The German Twin Crisis of 1931

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 822-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL SCHNABEL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Too Big To Fail ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Twin Crisis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Excessive Risk Taking ◽  
Excessive Risk

Using information on banks' balance sheets, I analyze the causal links between the banking and currency problems in the German crisis of 1931. I find that the crisis had two independent causes: Political shocks triggered a run on the Reichsmark; and the excessive risk-taking by banks that were “too big to fail” led to a run on banks. Due to the high level of foreign debt in the banking system, the run on the currency and the deposit withdrawals reinforced each other in a vicious circle and resulted in a banking panic and the abandonment of the gold standard.

The Crisis of the Imamate and the Institution of Occultation in Twelver Shiʿism: A Sociohistorical Perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Amir Arjomand
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Early History ◽  
Stable System ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twin Crisis

The formative period of Imami Shiʿism from the mid-8th century to the mid-10th century remains obscure in many respects. This study is an attempt to organize the historical information about the period around a central problematic: the twin crisis of the nature of the Imamate and the succession to this office. The crisis of the Imamate and the efforts to resolve it serve as a focal point for constructing a conceptually coherent overview of these two formative centuries from a sociohistorical perspective. This perspective requires that the endeavors to create a stable system of authority in Imami Shiʿism be considered in the context of the social change and politics of the early ʿAbbasid era: ʿAlid–ʿAbbasid relations, massive conversion of the population of Iran to Islam, and the dialogue and competition between Shiʿism and other contemporary religious and intellectual trends and movements. Our approach suggests a new periodization of the early history of Imami Shiʿism.

scholarly journals A twin crisis with multiple banks of issue: Spain in the 1860s

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Moro ◽  
Galo Nuño ◽  
Pedro Tedde
Keyword(s):  
Twin Crisis
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