Do Retail Firms Favor Female Managers? Evidence from Survey Data in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin ◽  
Asif M. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Female Managers

scholarly journals Stakeholder-Driven Design Evolution of the Leveraged Freedom Chair Developing World Wheelchair

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos G. Winter ◽  
Mario A. Bollini ◽  
Benjamin M. Judge ◽  
Natasha K. Scolnik ◽  
Harrison F. O’Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Propulsion Force

The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a low-cost, all-terrain, variable mechanical advantage, lever-propelled wheelchair designed for use in developing countries. The user effectively changes gear by shifting his hands along the levers; grasping near the ends increases torque delivered to the drive-train, while grasping near the pivots enables a larger angular displacement with every stroke, which increases angular velocity in the drivetrain and makes the chair go faster. This paper chronicles the design evolution of the LFC through three user trials in East Africa, Guatemala, and India. Feedback from test subjects was used to refine the chair between trials, resulting in a device 9.1 kg (20 lbs) lighter, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) narrower, and with a center of gravity 12.7 cm (5 in) lower than the first iteration. Survey data substantiated increases in performance after successive iterations. Quantitative biomechanical performance data were also measured during the Guatemala and India trials, which showed the LFC to be 76 percent faster and 41 percent more efficient during a common daily commute and able to produce 51 percent higher peak propulsion force compared to conventional, pushrim-propelled wheelchairs.

scholarly journals Does the inverse farm size productivity hypothesis hold for perennial monocrop systems in developing countries? Evidence from Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Josiah Ateka ◽  
◽  
Perez Ayieko Onono-Okelo ◽  
Martin Etyang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Robust Measures

The inverse farm size and productivity relationship (IR) is a recurring theme in the literature. However, most previous studies were undertaken within a setting of mixed cropping systems. In this article, we investigate the effect of farm size on productivity within the context of a perennial monocropping system, acute competition for farmland, frequent subdivision of farms and declining yields. We apply household survey data of smallholder tea farms in western Kenya and consider both technical efficiency (TE) and the yield per hectare as indicators of productivity. The findings show that the effect of farm size on productivity is nonlinear, with TE initially declining and then rising with farm size. The findings also demonstrate that the farm size and productivity relationship is important for perennial monocrops and that the use of robust measures of productivity is important for the IR. The findings have important implications for agricultural policy in developing countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pavement Condition Survey Data for Effective Implementation of a Network Level Pavement Management Program for Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pantuso ◽  
Giuseppe Loprencipe ◽  
Guido Bonin ◽  
Bagdat Burkhanbaiuly Teltayev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Capital Costs

Pavement roads and transportation systems are crucial assets for promoting political stability, as well as economic and sustainable growth in developing countries. However, pavement maintenance backlogs and the high capital costs of road rehabilitation require the use of pavement evaluation tools to assure the best value of the investment. This research presents a methodology for analyzing the collected pavement data for the implementation of a network level pavement management program in Kazakhstan. This methodology, which could also be suitable in other developing countries’ road networks, focuses on the survey data processing to determine cost-effective maintenance treatments for each road section. The proposed methodology aims to support a decision-making process for the application of a strategic level business planning analysis, by extracting information from the survey data.

Using survey data: towards valid estimates of poverty in the South

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Roy Carr-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World

It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This arises both by design (excluding the homeless, those in institutions and nomadic populations) and in practice (those in fragile households, urban slums, insecure areas and servants/slaves in rich households). In developing countries, it is difficult to make inter-censal estimates because essential data like birth and death registration are not systematically collected. Donors have therefore promoted the use of international standardized household surveys. A possible alternative is Citizen surveys initiated by an Indian NGO (Pratham). Comparisons are made between citizen surveys and contemporaneous Demographic and Health Surveys in three East African countries

How does education inequality respond to policy? A method and application to survey data from Albania and Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satis C. Devkota ◽  
Mukti P. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Public Subsidy ◽  
Decomposition Procedure ◽  
Inequality In Education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure inequality in education and examine how socioeconomic factors affect education inequality in Albania and Nepal. Design/methodology/approach – Using large household survey data sets the authors calculate income-related inequality in education and decompose the inequality into factors that determine educational attainment. The decomposition procedure establishes the role played by two sets of factors: elasticities of education demand with respect to its determinants; and inequalities in those determinants. The paper then proposes a new mechanism to quantify the effects of policy simulations regarding income, urbanization, and distance to school on education inequality. Findings – Both the countries show significant inequality in education. Educational attainment in Albania and Nepal is determined by socioeconomic, demographic and geographic factors of which three are particularly significant in affecting inequality – income, urbanization and distance to school. Research limitations/implications – While schooling for most individuals is largely financed by public subsidy in the countries, attainment is also likely affected by the price of education services and cost of health care. Identification of those factors in the context of more comprehensive data will enable researchers in future to draw firmer conclusions. Practical implications – The proposed method can help to identify cost-effective and sustainable policies to reduce socioeconomic inequality in education in developing countries. Social implications – Reduction in education inequality can lead to higher income and better health which are instrumental in uplifting the poor in developing countries. Originality/value – This is the first paper to measure education inequality using a concentration index and to propose a new mechanism to show the effect of simulated policies on education inequality.

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