scholarly journals Foreign Scientists and Engineers and Economic Growth in Canadian Labor Markets

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Peri ◽  
Kevin Yang Shih
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

Validity and Asymmetry of Okun’s Law: Evidence from Asian Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Farhat Rasul ◽  
Nabila Asghar ◽  
Hafeez ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
Structural Unemployment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Okun's Law ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Relationship Of

This study investigates the validity and asymmetry of output-unemployment relationship for three groups: high income, upper middle income and lower middle income Asian Economies over the period of 1980-2018. This study investigates whether the behavior of labor markets is rigid or flexible in these economies over the sample period. By using the Hodrick and Prescott filter, the study finds a statistically significant relationship between cyclical output and cyclical unemployment; hence provides the evidence of the existence of Okun’s Law with more sensitive results for the lower middle economies as compared to other groups of countries. The study also discovers the evidence of asymmetric relationship of output-unemployment during the recessionary and expansionary period of economic growth. Although the value of coefficient varies due to asymmetry but the variation is found to be small across the three groups of the countries. The study concludes that sample economies have rigid labor markets indicating the persistence of structural unemployment.

Women’s Work in Fragile States: Evidence from a Firm-Level Dataset in Somaliland

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-443
Author(s):  
Jami Nelson-Nuñez ◽  
Christopher Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Limited Access

Abstract What explains variation in women’s employment in fragile states with conflict-affected histories and limited state capacity? Employment builds stability and including women in labor markets can yield peace dividends. We use data from a firm-level survey in Somaliland, a de facto state in northern Somalia, to investigate why some firms employ more women than others. We analyze firm characteristics affected by state fragility and conflict, including female firm ownership, diaspora ownership and management, and limited access to services. This research contributes to our understanding of economic growth in fragile contexts and identifies opportunities to address gender inequalities in the developing world.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eric A. Posner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Covenants Not To Compete ◽  
The Impact

Antitrust law has very rarely been used by workers to challenge anticompetitive employment practices. Yet recent empirical research shows that labor markets are highly concentrated and that employers engage in practices that harm competition and suppress wages. These practices include no-poaching agreements, wage-fixing, mergers, covenants not to compete, and misclassification of gig workers as independent contractors. This failure of antitrust is due to a range of other failures—intellectual, political, moral, and economic. Until recently, economists assumed that labor markets are usually competitive when in fact recent studies reveal that they are usually not competitive. Commentators and politicians also seems to have assumed—falsely—that employment and labor law adequately addresses inequality of bargaining power and the resulting risk of wage suppression. The impact of this failure has been profound for wage levels, economic growth, and inequality.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and the Development of Real Wages: Swedish Construction Workers’ Wages in Comparative Perspective, 1831–1900

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-852
Author(s):  
Johan Ericsson ◽  
Jakob Molinder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Wage Gaps ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Urban Rural

Using new and uniquely detailed data, we examine how construction workers’ wages in Sweden developed between 1831 and 1900. Wages grew rapidly from the 1850s, and comparisons with Northwestern Europe show that Swedish workers benefited more from growth than workers elsewhere. Globalization forces, most notably overseas migration, in combination with flexible and well-integrated labor markets—signified by strong regional convergence, falling skill differentials, and small urban-rural wage gaps—pushed up wages in Sweden.

scholarly journals Antebellum U.S. Labor Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
The One

The United States economy underwent major transformations between American independence and the Civil War through rapid population growth, the development of manufacturing, the onset of modern economic growth, increasing urbanization, the rapid spread of settlement into the trans-Appalachian west, and the rise of European immigration. These decades were also characterized by an increasing sectional conflict between free and slave states that culminated in 1861 in Southern secession from the Union and a bloody and destructive Civil War. Labor markets were central to each of these developments, directing the reallocation of labor between sectors and regions, channeling a growing population into productive employment, and shaping the growing North–South division within the country. Put differently, labor markets influenced the pace and character of economic development in the antebellum United States. On the one hand, the responsiveness of labor markets to economic shocks helped promote economic growth; on the other, imperfections in labor market responses to these shocks significantly affected the character and development of the national economy.

Economic Implications of Migration into the Federal Republic of Germany, 1988–1992

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-709
Author(s):  
Arne Gieseck ◽  
Ullrich Heilemann ◽  
Hans Dietrich von Loeffelholz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Social System ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social

An analysis of the effects of the last wave of migration into West Germany on labor markets, public finances and economic growth, this study points at the often ignored fact that the migrants were rather successful in finding jobs and thus helped in eliminating labor shortages in certain industries. Simulations with a macroeconometric model for the FRG indicate that in 1992 the GDP was almost 6 percent higher than without migration, that 90,000 jobs were created and that migration created a surplus of DM14 billion in the public sector, compared to the baseline. This study also makes clear, however that these effects mainly depend on a quick absorption of migrants by FRG labor markets, and as to the social system, the relief may be only transitory.

Employment and Labor Markets in MICs

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Rolph Van Der Hoeven
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
International Demand

Fostering (formal) employment has been one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty and (until recently) inequality. However various MICs are undergoing, for internal and external reasons, a process of premature de-industrialization. After discussing various interpretations of the informal sector and economy it analyses how economic growth and labor markets in MICs have been evolving in three distinct geographical regions. It points to the need for stronger adoption of managed national and international demand-led growth with the good labor market policies that characterized several of the fast-growing MICs. A productive transformation from commodity production to higher value-added activities is at the heart of the transition and a key factor is the development of domestic innovation capabilities moving up the value chain on a broad enough basis to generate sustained productivity growth that is equally distributed.

scholarly journals IS THE GREAT DECOUPLING REAL?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinko ŠKARE ◽  
Damian ŠKARE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Labor Share ◽  
The U.S

The great decoupling is real. Productivity and employment/wages link changed after 1980 in many countries, not just the U.S. This study investigates the productivity and employment/wages link (1950–2014) looking for empirical proof of the “great decoupling” put forward by Brynjolfsson and Mcafee (2013). The results should stimulate policymakers to openly question why real wages and productivity don’t line up with the theory. We use the Hodrick and Prescott (1997) filter to isolate trends in real wages, labor share in GDP, and labor productivity and rolling correlation to explore if the great decoupling is real. We have found that the great decoupling i.e. The divergence between real wages/employment and productivity is present in all countries (10 in the sample). The dynamics of the great decoupling are however different between the countries although year 1980 seems to be a dominant breaking point for the start of the phenomena. This paper provides multicounty empirical proof of the presence of the great decoupling phenomena and explores its dynamics over 1950–2014. Policy makers as well as firms and unions should take the existence of this phenomena seriously since it can have significant consequences on economic growth and labor markets’ functioning.

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