Regional Trading Arrangements – Stumbling Blocks or Building Blocks in the Process of Global Trade Liberalization?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snježana Brkić ◽  
Adnan Efendic
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Global Trade

scholarly journals Pollution Haven Hypothesis of Global CO2, SO2, NOx—Evidence from 43 Economies and 56 Sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6552
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Xingwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Trade Pattern ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Pollution Haven

With the development of trade liberalization, the pollutants emissions embodied in global trade are increasing. The pollution haven hypothesis caused by trade has aroused wide attention. The fragmentation of international production has reshaped trade patterns. The proportion of intermediate product trade in global trade is increasing. However, little has been done to study the pollution haven of different pollutants under different trade patterns. In this paper, major environmental pollutants CO2 (carbon dioxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) are selected as the research objects. This study investigated the global pollution haven phenomenon in 43 countries and 56 major industries from 2000 to 2014. Based on the MRIO model, the trade mode is divided into three specific patterns: final product trade, intermediate product trade in the last stage of production, and the trade related to the global value chain. The results show that trade liberalization could reduce global CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions, and intermediate product trade has a more significant emission reduction effect than final product trade. Trade’s impacts on each country are various, and the main drivers are also different. For example, the European Union avoids becoming a pollution haven mainly through the trade related to the global value chain. The suppressed emissions under this trade pattern are 71.8 Mt CO2, 2.2 Mt SO2, 2.2 Mt NOx. India avoids most pollutants emissions through intermediate product trade. China has become the most serious pollution haven through final product trade. The trade pattern could increase China 829.4 Mt CO2, 4.5 Mt SO2, 2.6 Mt NOx emissions in 2014.

Does the WTO Need to Change?

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (730) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Schott
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
The World

The World Trade Organization is in disrepair. To fix it, and thereby boost global trade liberalization, nations must first successfully conclude the Doha Round of talks.

Sustainable Development in a Global Context: A Success or a Nuisance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Kamel Bakari
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The North ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article argues that the evolution of, and challenges to, sustainable development cannot be understood completely outside its contemporary global context, consisting mainly of three interconnected spheres, i.e., the global governance system, the North-South debate, and global trade liberalization. As the boundaries of these three spheres get more and more blurred in a context of an intensifying globalization, the project of sustainable development is very often faced with obstacles that set back its evolution and might very well bring it to a halt. Above all, sustainable development is now caught in the crossfire between the push for exponential economic growth, on the one hand, and a compelling need to reverse catastrophic ecological threats and social exigencies, on the other. More often than not, the current structure and scope of global governance constitutes more of a hindrance than a help to the emerging paradigm of sustainable development. Accordingly, this article seeks to pinpoint the different challenges to the implementation of sustainable development in the field of global governance and to discuss to what extent these challenges are inherent in the structure and scope of this system. In a similar vein, this article examines and discusses the challenges to sustainability within two other highly interrelated spheres, namely global trade and the North-South politics. With this end in view, a special focus is placed throughout this paper on the interconnectedness of, and overlap between, these three global spheres and the determinant role played by the major actors therein.

Effects of global trade liberalization on softwood lumber markets

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 2351-2360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Devadoss ◽  
Angel H. Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Softwood Lumber

scholarly journals REGIONAL TRAE BLOCS : A CASE STUDY OF THE WELFARE IMPACT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON INDIA AND KENYA

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Open Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trading Blocs

Some countries, including the big player in the world economy, the USA , believe that free trade liberalization based on principles of non discriminatory and multilateral bases as well as an open market will improve the welfare of many countries. However, other countries do not follow the idea of trade liberalization and hence respond by forming regional trading blocs. Therefore, the existence of such trading blocs will be examined, whether they are a 'building blocks' or a 'stumbling blocks, for sustaining the free trade liberalization. And hence, this paper focuses on three main parts: rationalization of the establishment of trading blocs; identification of the critical factors for the success of these blocs; and presentation of empirical evidence for the welfare implications of the trade diverting effects of the European Union through the analysis of two less developed countries, India and Kenya.

Regionalism as a Building Block for Multilateralism

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Herz ◽  
Marco Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade Liberalization

The well-known question whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system (MTS) are “strangers, friends, or foes” (Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996) has gained new importance with the widespread proliferation of RTAs in recent years. Based on an extensive data set which covers most of world trade over the past 60 years and about 240 regional trade agreements, we analyze the relationship between RTAs and the MTS by combining the gravity model framework with vector auto-regression analysis. Impulse-response-functions robustly suggest that multilateral trade liberalization responds in a significantly positive way to regional trade liberalization. We also find robust evidence that RTA liberalization Granger-causes GATT/WTO liberalization. Thus, our results indicate that RTAs do not undermine the MTS but serve as building blocks to multilateral trade liberalization.

scholarly journals Preferable Directions in Reform of the International Trading System from the Standpoint of Development Needs of the Small Countries in Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Marko Đogo ◽  
Vesna Prorok
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
East Europe ◽  
East European ◽  
Compensation Principle ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
International Trading

Abstract The economic openness and reindustrialization. Can these two occurrences exist at the same time? The empirical experience of the East European countries tells us that they cannot. Trade liberalization in the transition countries implemented during the 1990s led to the process of deindustrialization which continued also during the 2000s. The goal of this paper is to present the possible directions for reform of the international trade system which would enable reindustrialization of the small countries in East Europe with simultaneous preservation of the achieved level of trade liberalization. Admittedly, we are separated from the win-win situation by the conviction that this is only possible if the compensation principle is applied on the global trade, according to which the winners in the global trade (developed countries with trade surplus), should compensate to the losers (small insufficiently developed countries) a part of their losses with mandatory support to programs of reindustrialization based on exports, for which the funds are chronically lacking. An alternative is reindustrialization based on import substitution i.e. strengthening of the protectionism, where all benefits of the free trade could vanish so in the end everybody would be in loss.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document