The FHA Single-Family Insurance Program: Performing a Needed Role in the Housing Finance Market - Executive Summary

Contemporary Western cities are not uniform, but display a variety of different housing forms and tenures, both between and within countries. We distinguish three general city types in this paper: low-rise, single-family dwelling cities where owner-occupation is the most prevalent tenure form; multi-dwelling building cities where tenants comprise the majority; and multi-dwelling building cities where owner-occupation is the principal tenure form. We argue that historical developments beginning in the 19th century are crucial to understanding this diversity in urban form and tenure composition across Western cities. Our path-dependent argument is twofold. First, we claim that different housing finance institutions engendered different forms of urban development during the late 19th century and had helped to establish the difference between single-family dwelling cities and multi-dwelling building cities by 1914. Second, rather than stemming from countries’ welfare systems or ‘variety of capitalism’, we argue that these historical distinctions have a significant and enduring impact on today’s urban housing forms and tenures. Our argument is supported by a unique collection of data of 1095 historical cities across 27 countries.

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The impact of single family room design on patients and caregivers: executive summary

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/sj.jp.7211583 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (S3) ◽

pp. S38-S48 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

D D Harris ◽

M M Shepley ◽

R D White ◽

K J S Kolberg ◽

J W Harrell

Keyword(s):

Single Family ◽

Executive Summary ◽

Room Design ◽

The Impact

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The California Earthquake Insurance Program: Developments in 1990

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.1585634 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 391-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elliott Mittler

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Single Family ◽

Earthquake Insurance ◽

Insurance Program ◽

Legislative Session ◽

The Impact ◽

Earthquake Safety ◽

Recovery Act ◽

Homeowners Insurance

In the 1989-1990 legislative session, the state of California enacted over 130 bills related to earthquake safety. Among those was the passage of the Green, Hill, Areias, Farr California Residential Earthquake Recovery Act (SB 2902) establishing mandatory earthquake insurance for all single-family dwellings with homeowners insurance in the state. The reasons why and how this legislation was enacted are examined, as are the act's contents and implications for future legislation. The impact of this act on a national earthquake insurance program is also explored.

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The Value of Mortgage Interest Subsidies to Participants in the Single-Family Mortgage Revenue Bond Program of a State Housing Finance Agency

Mortgage Revenue Bonds ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-2974-9_5 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 113-122

Author(s):

L. Jide Iwarere ◽

Hugh O. Nourse

Keyword(s):

Housing Finance ◽

Single Family ◽

Mortgage Interest

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Comparisons of Auditory Brainstem Responses Between a Laboratory and Simulated Home Environment

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 3877-3892

Author(s):

Ashley Parker ◽

Candace Slack ◽

Erika Skoe

Keyword(s):

Home Environment ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽

Single Family ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Simulated Home Environment ◽

Brainstem Response ◽

Research Populations ◽

Response Consistency

Purpose Miniaturization of digital technologies has created new opportunities for remote health care and neuroscientific fieldwork. The current study assesses comparisons between in-home auditory brainstem response (ABR) recordings and recordings obtained in a traditional lab setting. Method Click-evoked and speech-evoked ABRs were recorded in 12 normal-hearing, young adult participants over three test sessions in (a) a shielded sound booth within a research lab, (b) a simulated home environment, and (c) the research lab once more. The same single-family house was used for all home testing. Results Analyses of ABR latencies, a common clinical metric, showed high repeatability between the home and lab environments across both the click-evoked and speech-evoked ABRs. Like ABR latencies, response consistency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were robust both in the lab and in the home and did not show significant differences between locations, although variability between the home and lab was higher than latencies, with two participants influencing this lower repeatability between locations. Response consistency and SNR also patterned together, with a trend for higher SNRs to pair with more consistent responses in both the home and lab environments. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining high-quality ABR recordings within a simulated home environment that closely approximate those recorded in a more traditional recording environment. This line of work may open doors to greater accessibility to underserved clinical and research populations.

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