scholarly journals Individual and Developmental Differences in the Relationship of Preferences and Theory of Mind

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Leipold ◽  
Nora C. Vetter ◽  
Marcus Dittrich ◽  
Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Theory of mind and executive functions in normal human aging and Parkinson's disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER SALTZMAN ◽  
ESTHER STRAUSS ◽  
MICHAEL HUNTER ◽  
SARAH ARCHIBALD
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although the majority of research in theory of mind (TOM) has focused on young children or individuals with autism, recent investigations have begun to look at TOM throughout the lifespan and in other neurological and psychiatric populations. Some have suggested that TOM may represent a dissociable, modular brain system that is related to, but separable, from other brain functions including executive functions (EF). Recently, studies have shown that TOM performance can be compromised following an acquired brain insult (e.g, damage to the right hemisphere). However, the relationship of such impaired TOM performance to other brain functions in these cases has not been explored. This study investigated the effects of both normal human aging and Parkinson's disease on TOM. The relationship of TOM performance and EF in these groups was also examined. The results suggested that although TOM performance appeared compromised in the group of individuals with Parkinson's disease, the elderly control participants were relatively unimpaired relative to younger individuals. Significant relationships between several measures of TOM and EF were also found. The implications of these findings, and also the finding that failure on one measure of TOM did not necessarily predict failure on all measures of TOM, are discussed. (JINS, 2000, 6, 781–788.)

Examining Developmental Differences in Imagery Use with Youth Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Gregg ◽  
Leisha Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractEmerging research on youth sport participants has revealed that young athletes use sport-related mental imagery for a variety of purposes such as acquiring sport-specific skills. The present study aimed to replicate previous research regarding developmental differences in imagery use, confirm the utility of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire-Children’s Version (SIQ-C), and clarify the relationship of gender to imagery use in youth sport. Youth soccer players (

scholarly journals Irony, deception and theory of mind in people with intellectual disabilities and dual diagnoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-630
Author(s):  
Mirjana Djordjevic ◽  
Nenad Glumbic ◽  
Branislav Brojcin
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
First Order Theory ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
Dual Diagnoses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The ability to comprehend and produce irony and deception is rarely explored in people with intellectual disability (ID) or dual diagnoses (DD). The ability to understand irony and deception appears to be related to many cognitive skills, but some authors point out that the theory of mind is one of the most important factors for this ability. This research was conducted to determine the linguistic aspects of production and comprehension of irony and deception in adults with ID and DD, as well as the relationship of these abilities with theory of mind. Methods. The sample consisted of 120 people with ID aged between 20 and 56. Half of the sample comprised people with DD. Four subscales from the Assessment Battery for Communication were used to assess the participants? abilities to produce and comprehend irony and deception. False-belief tasks from ?appearance-reality? category were used in theory of mind assessment. The level of intellectual functioning was measured by the Raven?s progressive matrices, while the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was used to assess speech comprehension ability. Results. The results show that participants with DD and ID comprehend and produce false statements better than ironic ones. Participants with ID were more successful in production than in comprehension tasks of both false and ironic statements, while the same was true for participants with DD only for ironic statements. Participants with ID were significantly more successful than participants with DD in irony comprehension tasks. In participants with ID, first-order theory of mind significantly correlated only with the ability to produce irony, and second-order theory of mind significantly correlated with producing irony and deception. There were no significant correlations between theory of mind and producing and comprehending irony and deception in participants with DD. Conclusion. Although differences in some aspects of assessed abilities were found between the two groups of participants, the similarities in the profile of these abilities were dominant. Results of variability can be explained by differences in speech comprehension ability more than by differences in nonverbal intellectual functioning or theory of mind acquisition. Future studies should assess the influence of other cognitive factors.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Parents’ Support on Adolescents’ Career Maturity

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Ah Lim ◽  
Sukkyung You
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Career Maturity ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing adolescents’ career development. Using three-wave longitudinal data (Seoul Education Longitudinal Study2010), we examined the direct and indirect effects of parents’ support on career maturity, in addition to the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between parents’ support and career maturity. We also examined the sex differences in the relationship among the variables. The subjects of this research were 4,187 adolescents who progressed from seventh grade in 2010 to ninth grade in 2012. The results are as follows: First, parental support has differential effects on career maturity via self-esteem. Second, in the longitudinal relationship of parents’ support, self-esteem, and career maturity, the developmental differences according to sex were supported empirically. This study finding suggests that it is possible to enhance adolescents’ career development by proper interventions in the period of adolescence which take into consideration these sex differences.

scholarly journals Absorption, Mentalizing, and Mysticism: Sensing the Presence of the Divine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Joseph Coleman ◽  
James Edward Bartlett ◽  
Jenny Holcombe ◽  
Sally B. Swanson ◽  
Andrew Ross Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Extraordinary Experiences ◽  
Mystical Experiences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research suggests trait absorption, individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM), and orthopraxical training are important for explaining a variety of extraordinary experiences typically associated with religion. However, no studies exist quantifying ToM ability or testing its relationship with trait absorption in the prediction of what is arguably the most ubiquitous type of extraordinary experience—the mystical experience. To address this, two exploratory studies were conducted using a sample of meditators (N = 269) and undergraduate students (N = 123). In study one, regression analyses revealed weekly religious/spiritual practice, absorption, and mentalizing predict increased mystical experiences. Moreover, moderation analysis indicated the absorption-mysticism relationship is stronger among individuals with lower mentalizing ability. Study two only replicated the relationship of absorption and weekly practice with mysticism. These studies highlight the robust contribution of absorption in mystical experiences and suggest a more dynamic role for mentalizing than is accounted for in the current literature.

Theory of mind and inhibitory control in three cultures: Conflict inhibition predicts false belief understanding in Germany, Costa Rica and Cameroon

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Chasiotis ◽  
Florian Kiessling ◽  
Jan Hofer ◽  
Domingo Campos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship of theory of mind and inhibitory control in three samples from Europe, Africa and Latin America differing in relevant socioeconomic and psychological background. The relationship between false belief understanding and inhibitory control was tested using samples of 3 to 5 year-old preschoolers from Germany ( N = 116), Costa Rica ( N = 82) and Cameroon ( N = 116). Inhibitory control and theory of mind were examined using test batteries. Age, gender, siblings, language understanding and mother's education were controlled. Results of regression analyses controlling for moderating effects of culture show a culture-independent relation between conflict inhibition and false belief understanding while delay inhibition is not a significant predictor for false belief understanding across cultures. Conflict inhibition is discussed as a universal developmental prerequisite for the development of theory of mind in the preschool years.

Individual and developmental differences in the relationship between preferences and theory of mind.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Leipold ◽  
Nora C. Vetter ◽  
Marcus Dittrich ◽  
Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
The Relationship
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