Annex 4: Natural Resource Governance – Review of Impact and Effectiveness of Transparency and Accountability Initiatives

In the natural resource governance, corruption and transparency both got high attraction from the public and worldwide institutions, which focus on transparency, corruption and good governance. Tackling corruption in extractive industry in countries endowed with natural resources is the core concern for the people, yet governments in most developing countries are not concerned about being prepared for the transparency and accountability initiatives for creating open governments. This study offers a review existing literature aiming at evaluating the impact of E-Government for transparency and accountability in the extractive industry sector in Iraq since 2003. In fact, the natural resource governance needs good governance principles to be enforced for improving transparency and accountability between the government and the companies during, licensing, exploration, contracting, extraction, revenue generation and the allocation process of the revenues. While, E- Governance has got international attention from developed and developing countries, the initiative started with Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (KPCS), followed by the Global Witness/ Publish What You Pay Coalition (PWYP), with the recent emergence of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Many resource abundant countries such as Iraq, Nigeria, Venezuela, Angola, etc, underperform in terms of socio-economic development, those countries face the ‘the resource curse’ as an economic phenomenon, which is interlinked to the politics of resource governance. Indeed, corruption and transparency as the main principles of pure governance in natural resources set the picture of government for being accountable for his populations. This study aims in answering this thesis: In the absence of E-Government, corruption hampered the revenues in Iraq similarly as many other rentier states

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Strategic Natural Resource Governance / La gouvernance des ressources naturelles stratégiques

10.3726/978-3-0352-6286-5 ◽

2013 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Resource ◽

Resource Governance ◽

Natural Resource Governance ◽

Ressources Naturelles

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Natural Resource Governance in Africa

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3489717 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vincent Aluu

Keyword(s):

Natural Resource ◽

Resource Governance ◽

Natural Resource Governance

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Political Settlements, Natural Resource Extraction, and Inclusion in Bolivia

10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony Bebbington ◽

Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai ◽

Denise Humphreys Bebbington ◽

Marja Hinfelaar ◽

Cynthia A. Sanborn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Resource ◽

Central State ◽

Dominant Party ◽

Resource Governance ◽

Natural Resource Extraction ◽

Natural Resource Governance ◽

Holding Power ◽

Resource Nationalism ◽

Economic Elite ◽

Competing Interest

Bolivia’s natural resources have served as a ‘mechanism of trade’ mobilized by competing interest groups to build coalitions, create political pacts, and negotiate political settlements in which dominant actors attempt to win over those resistant to a particular vision of development and/or governance. These pacts and settlements are revisited constantly, reflecting the weak and fragmented power of the central state and of the elite and persistent tensions between national and subnational elites. Ideas about, and modes of, natural resource governance have been central to periods of instability and stability, and to significant periods of political rupture. The period since 2006 has been characterized by a stable settlement involving an alliance between the presidency, his dominant party, and national social movements. This settlement is sustained through bargains with parts of the economic elite and subnational actors with holding power, as well as through ideas of resource nationalism and state-led developmentalism.

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