Deferred Tax Assets and Bank Regulatory Capital

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gallemore
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Deferred Tax

The Influence of Tax and Nontax Factors on Banks' Choice of Organizational Form

2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Hodder ◽  
Mary Lea McAnally ◽  
Connie D. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Equity Capital ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
State Income ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Tax Loss ◽  
First Time

This paper identifies tax and nontax factors that influence commercial banks' conversion from taxable C-corporation to nontaxable S-corporation from 1997 to 1999, after a 1996 tax-law change allowed banks to convert to S-corporations for the first time. We find that banks are more likely to convert when conversion saves dividend taxes, avoids alternative minimum taxes, and minimizes state income taxes. Banks are less likely to convert when conversion restricts access to equity capital, nullifies corporate tax loss carryforwards, and creates potential penalty taxes on unrealized gains existing at the conversion date. Banks with significant deferred tax assets are less likely to convert, presumably because the write-off of deferred taxes at conversion decreases regulatory capital and exposes the bank to costly regulatory intervention. We also investigate the strategic choices banks make before converting to S-corporations. Converting banks alter their capital structures, deliberately sell appreciated assets, and strategically set dividends to augment net conversion benefits.

scholarly journals Earnings Management Through Deferred Taxes Recognized Under IAS 12: Evidence From Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Abdul Rafay Abdul Rafay ◽  
Mobeen Ajmal
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Relevant Component

This study examines earnings management through deferred taxes calculated under the IAS 12 and its impact on firm valuation. The literature finds that book–tax nonconformity leads to better earning quality and a greater association between earnings and future expected cash flows. Given that Pakistan is a pioneering implementer of the International Financial Reporting Standards, our hypothesis is that the components of deferred tax disclosed under the IAS 12 provide value-relevant information to equity investors. We divide deferred tax components into three categories: those arising from (i) operational activities, (ii) investing activities, and (iii) financing activities. These are subdivided to ensure that no value-relevant component is aggregated with a nonvalue-relevant component, which might otherwise lead to an information slack. Our sample includes data on shariah-compliant companies listed on the Karachi Meezan Index (KMI-30). We find that deferred tax line items in firms’ balance sheets are reflected in market prices. Investors also tend to treat deferred tax line items (arising from operating, financing, and investing activities) differently. Furthermore, the value relevance is dissimilar for different components of deferred tax. Investors are wary of deferred tax assets and liabilities when pricing and are likely to penalize firms with a higher deferred tax position.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Deferred Tax, Capital Intensity dan Return On Asset terhadap Agresivitas Pajak

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Angeline Margaretha ◽  
Mila Susanti ◽  
Valentine Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Tax Aggressiveness ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Deferred Tax

This research was conducted to identify the effect of Deferred Tax, Capital Intensity, and Return On Assets on Tax Aggressiveness in the coal mining sub-sector industry. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method. This paper uses secondary data from information that was obtained from the coal mining sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The data collection method used purposive sampling. In this paper, there are several analysis used to process the data, which are, descriptive statistic analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, determination coefficient analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, significance test, and classical assumption test assisted by using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 23. The results of this research prove simultaneously. Deferred Tax Asset, Capital Intensity, and Return On Asset have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness, with the resulting significance value (0.006 <0.05). However, partially deferred tax assets do not have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness (0.365> 0.05), on the other hand, Capital Intensity is significant (0.001 <0.05), and Return On Asset has a negative significance(0.002 <0.05) effect to tax aggressiveness.  Keywords : Deferred Tax Expense, Capital Intensity, Return On Asset, and Tax  Aggressiveness

scholarly journals Does Transfer Pricing Moderate the Effect of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Expenses on Accrual Earnings Management of Firms in Indonesia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Nera Marinda Machdar ◽  
Dade Nurdiniah
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Accounting Policy

The purpose of this study is to analyze (a) the effect of deferred tax assets on accrual earnings management; (b) the effect of deferred tax expenses on accrual earnings management; (c) the role of transfer pricing as a moderator variable to strengthen the effect of deferred tax assets on accrual earnings management; and (d) the role of transfer pricing as a moderator variable to strengthen the effect of deferred tax expenses on accrual earnings management. The samples consist of 160 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The study utilizes the financial statements from 2012 to 2018. This study presents that (a) deferred tax assets influence accrual earnings management; b) deferred tax expenses affect accrual earnings management; c) transfer pricing does not strengthen the effect of deferred tax assets on accrual earnings management; and d) transfer pricing does not strengthen the effect of deferred tax expenses on accrual earnings management. This study contributes to accounting studies, tax authorities and regulators, and accounting policy makers. Firstly, this research contributes to the development of accounting studies on the role of transfer pricing as a moderator of the effect of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities on earnings management. Secondly, the results of this study can make a consideration for tax authorities and regulators in addressing company management actions to minimize the amount of tax paid by utilizing policies according to PSAK. It is worth considering how to sanction companies that deliberately reduce the amount of tax that should be paid. It is necessary to conduct tax investigation by the Directorate General of taxes on companies that are indicated to have practiced accrual earnings management with the aim of reducing the tax burden. Thirdly, accounting policy makers need to consider how management reduces the tax that should be paid through accounting policies that are allowed under PSAK and transfer pricing mechanism.

Decomposing Changes in Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities to Isolate Earnings Management Activities

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (s-1) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Phillips ◽  
Morton Pincus ◽  
Sonja Olhoft Rego ◽  
Huishan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
Annual Earnings ◽  
Tax Expense ◽  
Footnote Disclosures

This paper provides evidence on the types of accounts that reveal earnings management activities. We build on Burgstahler and Dichev's (1997) evidence of earnings management to avoid an earnings decline and Phillips et al.'s (2003) findings that deferred tax expense (DTE) can be used to detect such earnings management. In particular, we investigate the relation between changes in annual earnings and changes in deferred tax asset and liability components using data hand-collected from firms' income tax footnote disclosures. Our evidence indicates that changes in the net deferred tax liability (DTL) component related to revenue and expense accruals and reserves can be used to detect earnings management to avoid an earnings decline. In addition, we build on Joos et al.'s (2003) results and partition our sample into firm-years with positive and negative changes in net DTLs and repeat our analyses. In contrast to the Joos et al. (2003) finding that DTE can be used to detect earnings management only for firm-years in which DTE is negative, we find that both subsamples reflect earnings management of revenue and expense accruals and reserves to report earnings increases.

The Association between Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities and Future Tax Payments

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick C. Laux
Keyword(s):  
Data Availability ◽  
Deferred Taxes ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Deferred Tax Assets ◽  
Incremental Information ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Deferred Tax ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This study empirically examines whether deferred taxes provide incremental information about future tax payments and explores whether the relationship is affected by whether and when the deferred tax accounts reverse. The analysis provides evidence that while deferred taxes do provide incremental information about future tax payments, the magnitude of the information is small. Further, consistent with theoretical predictions (Guenther and Sansing 2000, 2004; Dotan 2003) the analysis demonstrates there is an asymmetrical association between deferred taxes and future tax payments. For instance, deferred taxes associated with temporary differences that are included in GAAP income prior to taxable income are associated with future tax payments. In contrast, deferred taxes associated with temporary differences that are included in GAAP income after taxable income are not associated with future tax payments. Finally, the analysis provides evidence that growth in the deferred tax balances does not defer future tax payments. Data Availability: The data are available from public sources.

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