Dynamic International Trade Barriers and Its Impact on International Trade Flow and Artificial Trade Ban on Next Coming Future

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Kumar Nishanka
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Barriers

scholarly journals Determination of latent dimensionality in international trade flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 045017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc P Truong ◽  
Erik Skau ◽  
Vladimir I Valtchinov ◽  
Boian S Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Flow

scholarly journals South America's biophysical involvement in international trade: the physical trade balances of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil in the light of ecologically unequal exchange

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dorninger ◽  
Nina Eisenmenger
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
South America ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
Processed Products

International trade is becoming increasingly important in the strategies of industrialized economies ('core' countries) to meet their physical needs and maintain their social metabolism. Less industrialized ('non-core') countries, in particular those with low population densities such as countries in South America, provide a large share of the natural resources currently being used by the 'core' countries. This article analyzes the relations of biophysical exchange of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil with global 'core' and 'non-core' countries in order to add to a discussion of possible relations of different national economic policies, such as import substituting industrialization or neoliberal adjustment, on the countries' physical trade balances (PTBs). By that we will provide a biophysical reading of ecologically unequal exchange; by investigating whether there is a physical net trade flow from 'non-core' to 'core' countries, whether primary products dominate exports of 'non-core' countries in exchange for processed products from 'core' countries, and whether the notion of unfavorable mass-to-price relation for the trading 'non-core' countries applies (Hornborg 2012; Martinez-Alier 2007). The magnitudes, type of material, stage of processing and monetary value of the traded goods are analyzed for the time period from 1962 to 2011. The evaluations have been carried out for trade relations with the 'core' and the 'non-core' countries separately. Additionally, in order to trace the so-called China Effect, which led to the period of new extractivism, the quantities exported to China are shown separately. The results indicate that the three countries examined are net exporters of physical quantities. The physical involvement in 'core'- and 'non-core'-related international trade differs greatly, but at the same time the relative importance of the 'core' as trading partner has decreased steadily over the five decades. Still, 'core'-related trade involves the most unfavorable mass-to-price relation. These conditions, i.e. high importance of unprocessed export commodities, low average unit prices, and an unfavorable monetary trade balance (MTB), reveal many characteristics of an ecologically unequal exchange. This is especially true for Argentina and Brazil. Due to its lower economic performance and limited involvement in international trade, Bolivia to some extent represents an exception.Keywords: Ecologically unequal exchange, physical trade balance, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil.

Research on Trade Model of Transaction Costs Based on Ecommerce

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xue Yang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Enforcement Costs ◽  
To Come ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

Transaction cost is one of these costs, but mostly mentioned with trade barriers. The trade barrier, also called tariff barracks or non- tariff barracks, focus on the problems that affect transactions in international trade. Transaction cost in economics can be defined as a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. There are a number of kinds of transaction cost have been researched by economists, “search and information costs” (such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market, who has the lowest price.), “Bargaining costs” (the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction, drawing up an appropriate contract and so on.), “Policing and enforcement costs” (the costs of making sure the other party sticks to the terms of the contract, and taking appropriate action if this turns out not to be the case.). Along with the fast development of e-commerce, a new kind of trade barriers, which is called e-commerce barrier, based on information technology appears quietly, in recent years. Though the emergence of this barracks does not been focused by world, it has profoundly affected international trade already.

Protection, Trade, and Wages: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing

ILR Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Gaston ◽  
Daniel Trefler
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Trade Protection ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
Antidumping Duties

This paper investigates the effects of international trade policy on wages in U.S. manufacturing industries in 1983. The data set combines micro labor market data with comprehensive data on tariffs and nontariff trade barriers such as quotas and antidumping duties. The authors find that workers in unprotected, export-oriented industries had higher wages than workers with similar observable characteristics in protected, import-competing industries; more specifically, exports had a positive wage effect and imports had a smaller negative wage effect. Other findings are that nontariff barriers had no significant effect on wages, and tariffs appear to have had a large negative wage effect, even after the authors control for the trade protection received by low-wage industries.

scholarly journals DAYASAING KOMODITAS HORTIKULTURA NEGARA BERKEMBANG DAN NEGARA MAJU DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Eko Purwo Santosa ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Increasing Demand

Horticulture is one of the agricultural sub-sector consisting of vegetables, fruits, biofarmaka mplants (medicinal plants) and floriculture (ornamentals) became one of the commodities subject of international trade, which the demand is increasing in line with increasing household income and growth population. During the period 2005-2014, the average growth value of horticultural exports of developing countries amounted to 69,81 percent higher than the average growth of exports in developed countries as big as 40,78 percent. The global trading of horticulture is faced with price volatility and trade barriers problems. In addition, the increasing demand of these commodities also in line with the increase in household incomes and population growth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of horticulture commodities in the international market and the factors that influence trade flow. The results of Export Product Dynamic (EPD) show that there are two horticultural export commodity that has dynamic market position in world market, there are bananas (HS.080300) and pineapples (HS.080430). Generally, the panel data analysis results show that prices, trade barriers, population, real GDP per capita, economic distances, and real exchange rates significantly affect export volumes. Keywords: Competitiveness, Exports, Horticulture, Gravity model

scholarly journals Road infrastructure and intra-community trade in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 2905-2913
Author(s):  
Serge KAMGAING ◽  
Jean Claude SAHA ◽  
Yves André ABESSOLO
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
International Economics ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Road Infrastructure

We examine the contribution of domestic and interstates road infrastructures to trade flow between member countries of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). Theories of international economics as well as those of the new economic geography suggest a positive contribution of both road infrastructures to intraregional trade. A gravity model of international trade is estimated to evaluate this theoretical prediction in the CEMAC zone. Results confirm a positive contribution of interstate road infrastructure to intra-Community trade, but show no evidence of a positive contribution of domestic road infrastructure to intra- CEMAC trade.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE FLOWS AS A PUBLIC POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM EAC AND NAFTA COUNTRIES.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2549
Author(s):  
Laetitia Byukusenge ◽  
Song Wei ◽  
Delphine Tuyishime
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Distance Effects ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows

Previous studies have shown that the geographic distance is among the factors that can typically results in diminished trade flows between two or more countries. As the international trade is one among the public policies, the governments of countries have to take control policies about their imports and exports after signing some trade contracts or agreements of eliminating trade barriers between trade countries. This paper analyzes and compares how the geographic distance affects the international trade flows of developed and developing countries‟ economies and becomes the obstacle to the developing countries to achieve their objectives and goals in eliminating trade barriers between their trading partners. The gravity model with panel data sets for period of 2008 to 2011 are used to determine the geographic distance effects in those countries. The sample size is bilateral trade flows of eight developing countries with lower income of EAC and two developed countries and one developing country with middle income of NAFTA. The study discovers that the various factors influence the geographic distance effects on international trade flows of developed and developing countries in different ways. This paper recommends that the signed policies between countries should be observed, maintained and followed in order to achieve expected objectives.

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