scholarly journals Supply and Demand for Water Use by New Forest Plantations: A Market to Balance Increasing Upstream Water Use with Downstream Community, Industry and Environmental Use?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Nordblom ◽  
John D. Finlayson ◽  
Iain Hume ◽  
Jason A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
New Forest

Growth and water use of forest plantations

1994 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Forest Plantations

Growth and water use of forest plantations

1993 ◽  
Vol 148 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
Brent Clothier
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Forest Plantations

scholarly journals Human-Water Dynamics and their Role for Seasonal Water Scarcity – a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist ◽  
Rickard Fornell ◽  
Thomas Prade ◽  
Linda Tufvesson ◽  
Sammar Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstractEnsuring sustainable management and an adequate supply of freshwater resources is a growing challenge around the world. Even in historically water abundant regions climate change together with population growth and economic development are processes that are expected to contribute to an increase in permanent and seasonal water scarcity in the coming decades. Previous studies have shown how policies to address water scarcity often fail to deliver lasting improvements because they do not account for how these processes influence, and are influenced by, human-water interactions shaping water supply and demand. Despite significant progress in recent years, place-specific understanding of the mechanisms behind human-water feedbacks remain limited, particularly in historically water abundant regions. To this end, we here present a Swedish case study where we, by use of a qualitative system dynamics approach, explore how human-water interactions have contributed to seasonal water scarcity at the local-to-regional scale. Our results suggest that the current approach to address water scarcity by inter-basin water transports contributes to increasing demand by creating a gap between the perceived and actual state of water resources among consumers. This has resulted in escalating water use and put the region in a state of systemic lock-in where demand-regulating policies are mitigated by increases in water use enabled by water transports. We discuss a combination of information and economic policy instruments to combat water scarcity, and we propose the use of quantitative simulation methods to further assess these strategies in future studies.

scholarly journals Assessment and reform of greywater reuse policies and practice: a case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-396
Author(s):  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Mohamad Ali Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Abdallah ◽  
Noora Darwish ◽  
Adel Tayara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Use ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Greywater Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Abstract This article presents an assessment of one of the earliest greywater reuse (GWR) experiences in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In 2003, the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) imposed a compulsory GWR program on various categories of new buildings in the city. However, implementation of the program faced significant resistance and setbacks and remained limited to about 200 buildings, representing less than 2% water savings. In the analysis presented in this study, the need for GWR was assessed through analyzing SEWA's water supply and demand projections, conducting a 12-month water use survey of 285,000 Sharjah residents from about 140 nationalities, and identifying the areas in the city with intense water use. In addition, analysis and reforms of the various aspects of SEWA's GWR reuse policies and practice were presented and discussed. Reforming the policy to increase GWR to about 10% water savings can lead to significant reductions in desalinated water consumption and wastewater generation and consequently significant reductions in desalination cost (35 million USD/y), energy consumption (225,840 MWh/year) and CO2 emissions (120 ton/year). The case study presented in the article can serve as a reference to guide GWR policies and practice, especially for local authorities in developing countries.

scholarly journals An unexpected decrease in urban water demand: making discoveries possible by taking a long-term view

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-630
Author(s):  
David Ebbs ◽  
Peter Dahlhaus ◽  
Andrew Barton ◽  
Harpreet Kandra
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Water System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Millennium Drought ◽  
Eastern Australia

Abstract Forecasting supply and demand is fundamental to the sustainability of the water system. Demand for urban water seems on an ever-upward trajectory, with use increasing twice as quickly as population throughout the 20th century. However, data from Ballarat, a city in south-eastern Australia, show that despite this conventionally held wisdom, total water usage actually peaked over 30 years ago. While the 1997–2009 ‘Millennium Drought’ had some effect, the decline commenced many years before. Initially, this was due to a reduction in external domestic water use, which correlates well with an increase in water price. However, the effect was found to not be purely economic as the price was not volumetric-based. Internal water use seems more affected by technological advances and regulatory controls. Interestingly, there was no relationship found between rainfall and water demand. The role of price, water-reduction education programmes, water-efficient technology and regulation supports previous research that a multifaceted approach is required when developing demand-reduction policies and strategies. This finding emphasises the importance of understanding the component of consumptive behaviour being targeted, and ensuring that policies being implemented are appropriate for the desired behavioural change.

scholarly journals Marketing Interstate Harmony

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-558
Author(s):  
Brian Singleterry
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
American West ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Interstate Compacts

As the population of the American West continues to rise, increasing conflicts over water are inevitable. Complicating matters, the existing supplies are often far from demands and are often shared between states. To satisfy future demands, states must learn to transfer and share water. There are currently three methods for resolving water disputes between states: litigation in the Supreme Court, congressional allocation, and Interstate Compacts. All three are costly and take many years to reach a conclusion. However, most resources, like oil or timber, do not require special allocation methods. Instead, the market efficiently and equitably allocates these resources. While requiring regulation, water markets are also able to match water supply and demand. In recent years, every Western state has increased support of water markets within its borders. Encouraging water markets between the states would result in more efficient and equitable interstate distribution of water. Additionally, water markets increase water-use efficiency and provide incentives to move water to higher uses. Potential barriers to markets operating between the states are either unconstitutional or insignificant.

scholarly journals Mitigation and Compensation of CO2 Emissions Due to International Tourism in the Island of Crete, Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Carbon Offsetting ◽  
New Forest ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Range Of Values

The purpose of the current study is to examine the possibilities of mitigating the carbon footprint of the tourism industry in Crete, Greece, to estimate its carbon intensity and additionally the cost of eliminating all tourism-related carbon emissions with compensation credits in the island. Various mitigation options in different sectors of the tourism industry in Crete, including transport to the destination, accommodation, catering and various tourist activities at the destination, have been proposed. Mitigation of carbon emissions in accommodation is easier, due to the presence of appropriate technologies, than in other tourism sectors. Various carbon offsetting schemes including the use of carbon compensation credits and forest restoration have also been investigated. Based on existing research regarding annual CO2 emissions due to the tourism industry in Crete, the area of new forest plantations required for offsetting all tourism-related carbon emissions in Crete has been calculated at 114 031 ha. The carbon intensity of the tourism industry in Crete has been estimated at 0.562 kgCO2/€ which is in the same range of values reported for other EU countries. The annual cost of eliminating all tourism-related CO2 emissions in Crete has been estimated at €20,525,580 which corresponds to 0.51% of the annual gross domestic product in the island attributed to tourism.

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