Cultural Bias: Gymnasts, Judges, and Bilateral Trade Agreements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Callahan ◽  
Sean E. Mulholland ◽  
Kurt W. Rotthoff
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Cultural Bias

scholarly journals Cultural Bias: Gymnasts, Judges, and Bilateral Trade Agreements

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Brian Callahan ◽  
Sean Mulholland ◽  
Kurt Rotthoff
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Cultural Bias

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU’S INVESTMENT POLICY AFTER CETA: EFFECTS ON THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Marin ◽  
◽  
Mariya Paskaleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
New Generation

In this paper we analyze the changes of the EU’s investment policy provoked by the mixed trade agreements. The EU’s investment policy has turned towards attaining bilateral trade agreements. One of these “new-generation” agreements is the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It is in a process of being ratified by the national parliaments of the EU members. This study is focused on the general characteristics of CETA and the eventual problems posed by its regulatory and wide-ranging nature. We prove that the significance of this agreement pertains not only to the economic influence, that it will have on the European and Canadian economies, but CETA is also the first trade agreement to have been negotiated with a focus on investment protection and a change in the EU’s investment policy. The current study reveals the influence arising from the conclusion of CETA on the Bulgarian economy with an emphasis on electronic industry, machinery industry and manufacturing. We estimate both – the direct and indirect effects on Bulgaria’s exports, imports, value added and employment. In order to estimate the influence, we apply the multi-regional input-output model. It is proved that CETA will have a low but positive impact on the Bulgarian economy. After constructing different scenarios of development, we prove that the influence of CETA on the Bulgarian economy will amount to 0.010% GDP. The average total employment will be increased by more than 172 jobs in Bulgaria, which in turn, relative to the labor market, represents less than 0.01% of the total employment.

COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS – PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP – 11): PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE?

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Salamatov ◽  
Nataliia M. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Partnership Agreement

The article considers the global trend towards regional trade agreements (RTA). The authors note that in addition to the common bilateral RTAs, countries conclude multilateral regional trade agreements. In particular, the article examines changes in the world economy, which occur under the influence of the mega-regional trade agreements (MRTA) formation. An example of the MRTA is the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) and its possible impact onRussiais discussed in the present article. The authors discuss the stages of TPP development, its goals, provisions, innovations and prospects. The article analyses an example of a country’s withdrawal from an agreement, its’ consequences and possible impact on the country itself and other signatory countries to the agreement. The article points out the differences between TPP and TPP-11. Inparticular, the article discusses the possible impact of the TPP-11 onRussia. Trade relations betweenRussiaand TPP-11 signatory countries are considered, and key markets among TPP-11 countries are identified. The article highlights the importance ofRussia's rapid response to the possible consequences of the TPP-11, including the possible conclusion of bilateral trade agreements between the EAEU, whereRussiais a member, and potential partners from TPP-11 countries.

The Turkey-UK Free Trade Agreement in Terms of Economic Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Fall 2021) ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Kaan Yiğenoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The Uk

This article scrutinizes relations between economic diplomacy and free trade agreements by focusing on the Turkey-UK free trade agreements which came into force in 2021. Accordingly, the article first introduces the concept of economic diplomacy, an important issue as it has been shown that bilateral trade agreements, nowadays preferred by many countries, can be used as a tool of economic diplomacy. The article then discusses the history and development of free trade agreements signed by Turkey, including its long-running experience of economic integration with the European Union. Although Turkey began establishing free trade agreements in the 1990s, it has been concentrating on and accelerating its use since 2000. Based on economic and political reasons underlying the free economic agreements, the reasons why Turkey and the UK have reached such an agreement are summarized. Economic relations between the two countries are then analyzed and the details of the agreement are investigated in the context of the changes that it provides.

Endogenous Preferential Trade Agreements: An Empirical Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Magee
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Preferential Trade Agreements ◽  
The Political ◽  
Preferential Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Regional Agreements

Abstract This paper provides one of the first assessments of the hypothesis that two countries are more likely to form a preferential trade agreement (PTA) if they are already major trading partners. The paper also tests a number of predictions from the political economy literature about which countries are expected to form regional agreements. The results show that countries are more likely to be preferential trading partners if they have significant bilateral trade, are similar in size, and are both democracies. Finally, the paper measures the effect of preferential agreements on trade volumes while, unlike previous studies, treating PTA formation as endogenous.

scholarly journals LA INSERCIÓN COMERCIAL DE CHINA EN LATINOAMÉRICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (310) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto López Arévalo ◽  
Óscar Rodil Marzábal
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>Este trabajo estudia los intercambios bilaterales de China con México, Chile, Costa Rica y Perú desde la óptica del comercio intraindustrial durante 1995-2017. En particular, se analizan las diferencias en el patrón de inserción intraindustrial en un contexto marcado por la existencia (Chile, Costa Rica y Perú) o no (México) de acuerdos de libre comercio con China. El estudio se completa con un análisis econométrico (efectos fijos) de los determinantes del comercio intraindustrial. Los resultados muestran una inserción de bajo perfil intraindustrial, con la excepción de algunas partidas específicas relativas a productos eléctricos y de la industria automotriz. Por otro lado, se confirma el efecto positivo del tamaño de la economía, de la inversión extranjera directa y de la diferenciación de producto, así como negativo de la diferencia en el nivel de ingreso; mientras que existe una indefinición en el papel de los acuerdos de libre comercio con China.<br /><br /></p><p>THE TRADE INTEGRATION OF CHINA IN LATIN AMERICA</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br />This paper studies China’s bilateral trade with Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica and Peru from the perspective of intra-industrial trade during 1995-2017. In particular, the differences in the pattern of intra-industrial insertion are analyzed in a context characterized by the existence (Chile, Costa Rica and Peru) or not (Mexico) of free trade agreements with China. An econometric analysis (fixed effects) of the determinants of intra-industrial trade completes the study. The results show a low intra-industrial profile, except for some specific items related to electrical products and the automotive industry. The positive effect of the size of the economy, foreign direct investment and product differentiation is also confirmed, as well as the negative effect of the difference in income level. However, there is an undefined role for free trade agreements with China.</p>

scholarly journals Appraising the Impacts of Globalization on Gravity Model Economic Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bilal Khlaf Al Omari
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at exploring the impact of economic globalization factors on the gravity economic systems. Nonetheless, the basis of the research is a gravity economic system exposed to the impacts of globalization, and the concern is to explore the effects of the exposure on the influences of distance and economic sizes on the model. Recognizing the role of population growth and globalization in driving bilateral trade follows is one of the objectives of this research as should be part of an economic model. The study used the modified gravity and globalization variables, data retrieved from the CEPII, the World Fact-book, and the World Bank. The ordinary squares regression and STATA statistical software were used to investigate the hypotheses. The model leading to the general hypothesis that globalization is reducing the cost of entry, and total time required to set up a business and to minimize the bureaucracy associated with registering businesses and launching operations. The trade flow latent variable should contain information on export, import, free trade agreements, preferential trade agreements, and union memberships, which would help in identifying globalization factors that mediate the interaction between global variables and bilateral trade responses.

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