The International Protection of Journalists in Times of Armed Conflict and the Campaign for a Press Emblem

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Protection

International Criminalization of Offences Relating to Cultural Property

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Danil Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
International Protection ◽  
International Instruments

The article evaluates current conditions of international criminalization of offences relating to cultural property and makes a brief historical review of developing international protection of cultural property and elaborating a corresponding notion. Having analyzed the international instruments, the author concludes that offences relating to cultural property may include deliberate seizure, appropriation, demolition as well as any other forms of destruction or damage to objects and items protected under the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict committed during international and non-international armed conflicts. These offences do not include such possible acts toward universal cultural values committed either beyond any armed conflict or without direct connection with it. Taking the examples of destruction of Buddhas of Bamiyan, Nimrud, Palmyra, and mausoleums of Timbuktu, the author states that international criminalization of offences relating to cultural property is insufficient, because it does not encompass such cases when objects or items of cultural value are damaged or destroyed under the control of national administrations or with their knowledge.

scholarly journals The International Protection of Women in Armed Conflicts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Reagr F. Muhammadamin ◽  
Bryar S. Baban
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Community ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Geneva Conventions

The protection of women during armed conflicts has from time to time been a matter of concern to the international community in various forms and degrees. The laws of war have regulated the protection of women long before the Geneva Conventions and additional protocols system. The aim of this paper is to highlight the protection that women should be given in armed conflict, also taking into account their special needs.

scholarly journals PENGRUSAKAN TEMPAT BERSEJARAH DALAM PERANG ANTARNEGARA SEBAGAI PELANGGARAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Protection

Cultural property, in this present case: historical object, is protected and respected as world’s asset with great value in international law especially international humanitarian law through its various institutions and instruments. The historical object with great importance to humanity has to be protected at all times and deserves international protection. However, some people oftentimes forget its obligation and intentionally destroy such objects, even though they are well aware that States and people have the obligation to protect, respect and safeguard those objects. Hague Convention 1954 boldly states that the destruction of such objects is a violation of customs of law and international humanitarian law. Keywords: Destruction, cultural property, historical object, armed conflict, international humanitarian law

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Regional Protection Program (RPP) Rezim - International Protection Regime - European Union (EU) in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Hamza Fadil ◽  
Shen Yi
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Regime Effectiveness ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
The Status ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Refugees migrate from their countries to other countries in the study of migration because of natural disasters, famine, difficulty in getting jobs, and fear of war or armed conflict in their countries. The problem of the Syrian refugee crisis in 2011 due to armed conflict made Syrian refugees leave their country for Europe. In 2011 Syrian refugees began to enter Europe through waters, then UNHCR announced the status of refugees and encouraged the EU to respond with refugee acceptance. In 2012 the EU then adopted the Regional Protection Program - International protection regime in accepting refugees. Germany was then very enthusiastic in accepting refugees, so there were many refugee destinations to get protection. Through the German resettlement scheme then received many refugees. Through the Balkan lane the EU then negotiated with Turkey which made it easier for refugees to enter Europe, then it had implications for the increasing number of refugees entering Europe in 2015. This caused fears of the Balkan countries so that the peak of the Balkan lane was closing which resulted in a reduction in German revenue from the original plan of acceptance. Therefore, the author wants to confirm whether the Regional Protection Program - International protection regime is quite effective in carrying out the reception of Syrian refugees in 2013-2015. The writer uses Arild Uderdal's regime effectiveness concept, which consists of several variables such as problem type, problem-solving capacity, and the level of collaboration then to confirm the effectiveness of this regime.

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