Optimal Allocation of Marketing Resources: Employing Spatially Determined Social Multiplier Effects between Physicians

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Henningsen ◽  
Sönke Albers ◽  
Tammo H.A. Bijmolt
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Social Multiplier ◽  
Marketing Resources ◽  
Multiplier Effects

Peer effects in the valuation and practices of food safety: findings from the study of dairy consumers in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Chandra ◽  
Abdul Munasib ◽  
Devesh Roy ◽  
Vinay K. Sonkar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Social Multiplier ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
The Right

Purpose Information is often available to consumers through their social networks. Focusing on dairy consumers in India, this paper aims to present evidence of peer effects in consumers’ attitudes towards various food safety attributes and food safety practices. Design/methodology/approach Unobserved individual heterogeneities are crucial confounders in the identification of social (endogenous) effects. The identification is based on exploiting within-consumer variation across different aspects of attitude (or practices) related to food safety. Findings This paper uses a novel identification strategy that allows for average effects across attributes and practices to be estimated. Using the strategy, though this paper cannot estimate endogenous effects in each attribute or practice, this paper is able to identify such effects averaged over attributes or practices. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional study, caste affiliation is not defined at the right level of granularity. Practical implications The results suggest that information campaigns aimed at creating awareness about food safety can have social multiplier effects, and this also translates into changes in the practices followed to mitigate food safety risks. Social implications In health-related awareness and practices, there are well-established cases of multiplier effects. The most significant example of this is the Pulse Polio campaign in India, where an awareness drives through social multiplier effects had such a significant impact that in 2012 India was declared polio-free. Perhaps, a similar campaign in matters related to food safety could be very fruitful. Originality/value The methodology and the issue are unique. Little exists in assessing social networks in the context of food safety.

Learning Spillovers in Conditional Welfare Programmes: Evidence from Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (628) ◽  
pp. 853-879
Author(s):  
Fernanda Brollo ◽  
Katja Maria Kaufmann ◽  
Eliana La Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Social Multiplier ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
To Receive

Abstract We study spillovers in learning about the enforcement of Bolsa Familia, a programme conditioning benefits on children’s school attendance. Using original administrative data, we find that individuals’ compliance responds to penalties incurred by their classmates and by siblings’ classmates (in other grades/schools). As the severity of penalties increases with repeated noncompliance, the response is larger when peers are punished for ‘higher stages' than the family’s, consistent with learning. Individuals also respond to penalties experienced by neighbours who are exogenously scheduled to receive notices on the same day. Our results point to social multiplier effects of enforcement via learning.

scholarly journals Social multipliers and the Covid-19 epidemic: Analysis through constrained maximum entropy modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan K. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Maximum Entropy Modeling ◽  
Social Multiplier ◽  
Aggregate Effects ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
Reporting Rates ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSocial multipliers occur when individuals’ actions influence other individuals’ actions so as to lead to amplified aggregate effects. Epidemic infections offer a dramatic example of this phenomenon since individual actions such as social distancing and masking that have small effects on individual risk can have very large effects in reducing rates of infection when they are widely adopted. This paper uses the info-metric method of constrained maximum entropy modeling to estimate the impact of social multiplier effects in the Covid-19 epidemic with a model that infers the length of infection, the rate of mortality, the base infection factor, and reductions in the infection factor due to changes in social behavior from data on daily infections and deaths. When the model takes account of the rate of reporting of infections, it produces two scenarios of epidemic dynamics: one in which reporting is low, under 10%, the estimated infection is correspondingly large, and immunity effects play a significant role in stabilizing the epidemic; and a second where reporting rates are close to 100%, and the epidemic is controlled mostly by changes in social behavior.

Energy Policy: An Optimal Allocation Approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 551-563
Author(s):  
Tariq Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Energy Problem ◽  
Study Section ◽  
Central Energy ◽  
Allocation Approach

Any system of ideas which underlies economic policy recommendations needs to be made explicit so that its doctrinal premise may be examined and debated. Section I of this paper, therefore, explicitly states the philosophical under -pinning of this study. Section 2 presents the central energy problem in a general mathematical form whereas the solution of the specific energy problem for the Pakistani economy is presented in Section 3, in which policy guidelines for obtaining the desired solution have also been discussed. Finally, Section 4 briefly presents our concluding remarks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document