How Do Firms’ Internal Incentive Schemes Affect Price Levels?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kurschilgen ◽  
Alexander Morell ◽  
Ori Weisel
Keyword(s):  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
Internal Incentive

scholarly journals MULTIPRIL, a new database on multilateral price levels and currency misalignments

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
Cécile Couharde ◽  
Carl Grekou ◽  
Valérie Mignon
Keyword(s):  
Price Levels

scholarly journals Sustainable public health partnerships: Results from 41 European, Asian and American regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ese ◽  
C Ihlebak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Partnerships ◽  
Group Interviews

Abstract Background Public health problems often constitute so called “wicked problems”, and the importance of involving multiple stakeholders in order to address such problems is acknowledged, for instance through the SDG17 guidelines. Partnerships between academia and the public sector have been deemed especially promising. However, sustainable partnerships might be difficult due to divergent understandings and interests. Although there is a substantial research literature on academic-public partnerships in general, partnerships addressing public health specifically are less investigated. The aim of the project was therefore to identify enablers for sustainable public health partnerships between academia and the public sector. Methods A mixed methods design was used. A survey regarding partnerships was sent to 41 European, Asian and American regions, with a response rate of 72 %. Based on survey data, an interview guide was developed and four best cases (Canada, Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Norway) were identified. Site visits and group interviews with representatives from stakeholders of the partnerships were conducted. Interview data and answers to open ended questions from questionnaires were analysed. Results Three main findings became apparent through the analysis. Important enablers were: 1) person-to-person fit between individuals, 2) national incentive schemes for collaboration, and 3) formal partnership agreements that provided a framework that allowed for manoeuvring. The enablers identified are on a macro, miso and micro level. Furthermore, they can be categorised as political, organisational, and social. Conclusions The data support the notion that partnerships are complex social structures that need to be initiated and managed on different levels and with different measures. At the same time, data demonstrate that across different geographical, political, and social contexts the same enablers are reappearing as important for sustaining public health partnerships. Key messages Similar enablers for sustaining public health partnerships are found across geographical, political, and social contexts. Important enablers for partnerships are person-to-person fit, national incentive schemes, and formal agreements.

scholarly journals Effect of Stem Snapping on Aspen Timber Assortment Recovery in Hemiboreal Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Linda Čakša ◽  
Silva Šēnhofa ◽  
Guntars Šņepsts ◽  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Līga Liepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Stem Breakage ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mineral Soils

Post-disturbance salvage logging mitigates economic loss after windthrow, and the value of salvaged timber is strongly linked to its quality and dimensions. We studied the occurrence of wind-induced damage of aspen in the hemiboreal forests of Latvia based on data from the National Forest Inventory and additional measurements. Individual tree data from three re-measurement periods were linked to follow a tree condition (live, broken, uprooted) and to link tree characteristics to a respective snag. Three linear models were developed to assess factors affecting the snapping height. An assortment outcome was calculated for undamaged and salvaged trees using the bucking algorithm, and timber value was calculated at three price levels. Wind-induced damage occurred for 3.4–3.6% of aspen trees, and among these, 45.8–46.6% were broken. The mean height of the broken trees was 27.3 ± 0.9 m, and it was significantly higher (both p < 0.01) compared to the height of undamaged and uprooted trees. The tested models indicated tree height as the main explanatory variable for relative snapping height, with higher trees having a lower point of the stem breakage. The other significant factor was the forest type group, indicating that trees growing on dry mineral soils had lower relative snapping height than trees growing on drained mineral soils. Stem breakage significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the volume of assortments, as compared to the volume of undamaged trees. Relative volume loss of sawlogs showed a logarithmic trend with a steep increase up to snapping height of 6 m, and it correlated tightly (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) with relative value loss of the total stem. Timber value loss had a strong, positive relation to tree diameter at breast height and fluctuated by 0.4% among different price levels. The mean volume reduction was 37.7% for sawlogs, 11.0% for pallet blocks, and 8.9% for technological wood.

Analysis on Vibration Response of Gear Transmission System

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Jia Hong Zheng ◽  
Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Transmission System ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Gear Transmission System ◽  
Internal Incentive ◽  
External Incentive

The inherent characteristics of the wind generators growth gearbox were solved, then the reasons which caused the gear transmission system generating dynamic incentive was analyzed, and also internal incentive and external incentive were given to 2MW wind generators gear transmission system quantitatively. On the basis of these, 2MW wind generators growth gearbox system’s vibration response caused under internal incentive and external incentive was solved and analyzed.

Nonconcave Utility Maximization with Portfolio Bounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Dai ◽  
Steven Kou ◽  
Shuaijie Qian ◽  
Xiangwei Wan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Difference Scheme ◽  
Viscosity Solution ◽  
Finite Difference Scheme ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Definition Of

The problems of nonconcave utility maximization appear in many areas of finance and economics, such as in behavioral economics, incentive schemes, aspiration utility, and goal-reaching problems. Existing literature solves these problems using the concavification principle. We provide a framework for solving nonconcave utility maximization problems, where the concavification principle may not hold, and the utility functions can be discontinuous. We find that adding portfolio bounds can offer distinct economic insights and implications consistent with existing empirical findings. Theoretically, by introducing a new definition of viscosity solution, we show that a monotone, stable, and consistent finite difference scheme converges to the value functions of the nonconcave utility maximization problems. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

SELECTED FACTORS AND PURCHASE PRICE LEVELS OF SOUR CHERRIES FOR PROCESSING IN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kierczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Price Levels ◽  
Multiple Regression Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to identify the factors forming the purchase price levels of sour cherries for processing in Poland and to determine the way such factors affect these price levels. The scope of the study covers the 2004-2018 period. The subject of the study were the annual average purchase prices of sour cherries for freezing and sour cherries for pressing. Those prices were published by the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics in the magazine “Rynek Owoców i Warzyw” [“Fruit and Vegetable Market”]. A multiple regression method was used for analysing the relationship between the purchase prices of sour cherries and their determinants. The estimation of the structural parameters of econometric models was done using the method of least squares. The estimated econometric models explain approximately 80% volatility in the purchase prices of sour cherries for processing. The sour cherry harvest both in Poland and Germany as well as the strawberry harvest in Poland proved to be significant for the purchase prices of sour cherries. Strawberries may be a substitute for sour cherries in food processing. The importance of this factor for the formation of the purchase prices of sour cherries is a significant result of this study.

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