Factoring a Quadratic Trinomial: A Formula in Terms of All Three Quadratic Trinomial Coefficents that Finds the Two Parameters of the AC-Test Method

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh C. Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Quadratic Trinomial ◽  
Two Parameters

scholarly journals Differences in temperature dependence of muscle contractile properties and myofibrillar ATPase activity in a cold-temperature fish

1984 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Johnston ◽  
B. D. Sidell
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Skinned Fibre ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Triton X

Single muscle fibres were isolated from the fast myotomal muscle of the teleost Myoxocephalus scorpius L. and chemically skinned with 1% Brij. Maximum Ca2+-activated force (P0) increased from 14.5 +/− 1.1 N cm-2 at 2 degrees C to 19.1 +/− 1.8 N cm-2 at 15 degrees C (mean +/− S.E.). Maximum contraction velocity was determined by Hill's slack-test method (V0) and by extrapolation from force-velocity (P-V) relationships (Vmax). There was a linear relation between log10 V0 and temperature below 15 degrees C (Q10 = 1.9, P less than 0.01). The force-velocity characteristics of the fibres were determined at 2 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Points below 0.6 P0 on the P-V curve could be fitted by a linear form of Hill's equation. Extrapolated Vmax values were 0.55 muscle lengths s-1 (L0 s-1) at 2 degrees C and 1.54 L0 s-1 at 20 degrees C. Curvature of the P-V relationship was independent of temperature. The Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase activity of Triton-X 100 extracted myofibrils was determined under similar ionic conditions to those used in skinned fibre experiments. (Ionic strength 0.16 mmol l-1, pMgATP 2.5). A linear relationship between log10 ATPase and temperature was only obtained below 15 degrees C (P less than 0.001). Above 15 degrees C, the Q10 for ATPase decreased significantly. The Q10(0–15 degrees C) for ATPase activity (3.9) was significantly higher than for unloaded contraction velocity. Supercontraction of isolated myofibrils to very short sarcomere lengths and differences in the mechanical constraints for crossbridge cycling between the preparations probably account for the lack of proportionality between these two parameters.

Experimental investigation into the longitudinal resistance of ballasted railway track

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440972097552
Author(s):  
Jabbar Ali Zakeri ◽  
Kaveh Yousefian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Longitudinal Stiffness ◽  
Longitudinal Resistance ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Force Displacement

In this paper, a new test method and a measurement technique were proposed to evaluate the track longitudinal resistance (TLR). The three-stage track longitudinal behavior was assessed. The track longitudinal stiffness (TLS) and track longitudinal resistance force (TLRF) were defined based on the analyses of force-displacement curves in each test. Next, the effect of ballast geometry on these two parameters was scrutinized. The resisting mechanism was described. Finally, the share of ballast geometry components in providing the TLS was determined, and contribution percentages were verified by comparing the results with those of previous studies. Nine test conditions were considered. The ballast depth (BD) was set at 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm. In each ballast depth, the TLR was evaluated with and without the crib and shoulder ballasts. The average values of TLS and TLRF were obtained as 22.94 kN/mm and 35.52 kN, and the total share of the base, crib, and shoulder ballast was calculated as 21%, 67%, and 12%, respectively. It was found that the crib ballast had the most impact on the TLS and enhanced the TLS and TLRF up to 4.11 and 3.25 times.

Photo-electric Hβ and uvby photometry

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
D. L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Line Strength ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Stars ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Filter Photometry ◽  
The Continuum

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).

Radiation Damage of Support Films

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Phase Corrections ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Medium Dose

The goal of imaging the finest detail possible in biological specimens leads to contradictory requirements for the choice of an electron dose. The dose should be as low as possible to minimize object damage, yet as high as possible to optimize image statistics. For specimens that are protected by low temperatures or for which the low resolution associated with negative stain is acceptable, the first condition may be partially relaxed, allowing the use of (for example) 6 to 10 e/Å2. However, this medium dose is marginal for obtaining the contrast transfer function (CTF) of the microscope, which is necessary to allow phase corrections to the image. We have explored two parameters that affect the CTF under medium dose conditions.Figure 1 displays the CTF for carbon (C, row 1) and triafol plus carbon (T+C, row 2). For any column, the images to which the CTF correspond were from a carbon covered hole (C) and the adjacent triafol plus carbon support film (T+C), both recorded on the same micrograph; therefore the imaging parameters of defocus, illumination angle, and electron statistics were identical.

Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

Practical Importance of Spatial Resolution and Analytical Sensitivity in AEM X-ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.I. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Excitation Volume ◽  
Two Parameters

Analytical sensitivity and spatial resolution are important and closely related factors in x-ray microanalysis using the AEM. Analytical sensitivity is the ability to distinguish, for a given element under given conditions, between two concentrations that are nearly equal. The analytical sensitivity is directly related to the number of x-ray counts collected and, therefore, to the probe current, specimen thickness and counting time. The spatial resolution in AEM analysis is determined by the probe size and beam broadening in the specimen. A finer probe and a thinner specimen give a higher spatial resolution. However, the resulting lower beam current and smaller X-ray excitation volume degrade analytical sensitivity. A compromise must be made between high spatial resolution and an acceptable analytical sensitivity. In this paper, we show the necessity of evaluating these two parameters in order to determine the low temperature Fe-Ni phase diagram.A Phillips EM400T AEM with an EDAX/TN2000 EDS/MCA system and a VG HB501 FEG STEM with a LINK AN10 EDS/MCA system were used.

On the influence of specimen thickness in TEM images of super-conducting vortices

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
J. Bonevich ◽  
D. Capacci ◽  
G. Pozzi ◽  
K. Harada ◽  
H. Kasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flux Line ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Normal Core ◽  
Two Parameters

The successful observation of superconducting flux lines (fluxons) in thin specimens both in conventional and high Tc superconductors by means of Lorentz and electron holography methods has presented several problems concerning the interpretation of the experimental results. The first approach has been to model the fluxon as a bundle of flux tubes perpendicular to the specimen surface (for which the electron optical phase shift has been found in analytical form) with a magnetic flux distribution given by the London model, which corresponds to a flux line having an infinitely small normal core. In addition to being described by an analytical expression, this model has the advantage that a single parameter, the London penetration depth, completely characterizes the superconducting fluxon. The obtained results have shown that the most relevant features of the experimental data are well interpreted by this model. However, Clem has proposed another more realistic model for the fluxon core that removes the unphysical limitation of the infinitely small normal core and has the advantage of being described by an analytical expression depending on two parameters (the coherence length and the London depth).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document