scholarly journals How Acid are Lemons? Adverse Selection and Signalling for Skilled Labour Market Entrants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wagner ◽  
Thomas Zwick
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Skilled Labour

Adverse Selection in the Labour Market

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Adverse Selection

Structural Change, Economic Development, and the Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 577-595
Author(s):  
Önder Nomaler ◽  
Bart Verspagen ◽  
Adriaan van Zon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Country

This chapter addresses the relationship between structural change and the income distribution. It raises the question of whether structural change increases or decreases income inequality. The chapter presents a multi-sectoral model in the so-called canonical modelling tradition. In this model the distributional outcomes depend on the mix of the labour supply in different technology classes and skill biases in technological change. Whether structural change has an effect depends on the specific country. When it does have an effect, it mainly benefits high-skilled labour. The skill premium for high-skilled labour thus contributes to increased income inequality. Both the relative supply of skills and skill-based technological change tend to increase income inequality, though not in all countries.

The Italian Economy, 2001–03

Modern Italy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Capriati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment

SummaryThe three years 2001–03 opened in an atmosphere of optimism with the expectation of a new Italian miracle but ended amid widespread disillusion owing to persistent signs of economic decline. This article offers a reconstruction of events in this period, focusing on government economic policy and changes in the labour market. Analysis of these reveals the period to have been characterized by three significant features. In the first place, a growing loss of credibility and authority of government economic policy itself, resulting from the gap between expectations and outcomes. Second, the persistence of a model of development based on low product competitiveness and low-skilled labour. And last, the excessive attention paid to resolving the issues of the moment contrasted with a lack of interest in the future, and consequently in research, innovation, training and infrastructure.

scholarly journals German pension and labour market reforms and the potential rise of social inequality amongst older workers and pensioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Moritz Heß ◽  
◽  
Jürgen Bauknecht ◽  
Gerhard Naegele ◽  
Philipp Stiemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Labour Market Reforms

Policymakers in all European countries have implemented reforms aimed at delaying retirement and extending working lives mainly to mitigate financial pressure on public pay-asyou-go pension systems and to increase the supply of skilled labour. This could be a reason for an increase of older workers’ labour force participation. This increase was particularly strong in Germany. In the paper at hand, we will answer two research questions: i) how can this steep increase in German older workers’ employment rate be explained? Furthermore, and related to this: ii) have policies for longer working lives fostered inequality? We base our analysis on an extensive literature review and descriptive data analysis. We conclude that the rise of the employment rate of older workers in Germany has several causes. First, the German labour market has performed very well, so that the policy debate has shifted from unemployment to a lack of (skilled) labour. Second, there is a strong increase of female labour market participation. Third, due to cohort effects, today’s older workers are healthier and better skilled than their predecessors. Finally, the pension and labour market reforms aimed at delaying retirement had an effect. However, we also find that lowskilled and low-income workers increasingly have to delay their retirement due to financial reasons. It seems that social inequalities in the retirement transition are increasing in Germany.

Skilled Workers on the Rural Labour Market: Supply vs. Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Elena Varshavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Scale Of Education

The paper analyzes the correlation between supply and demand for skilled labour on the rural labour market. The paper defines skilled workers as those having tertiary professional education. The empirical basis for the research is constituted by the Labour Force Survey data between 2005 and 2015. It has been proved that in this period the supply of the skilled labour was steadily on the increase that was determined by the growth of both the number and share of people with higher education. The demand for the skilled labour of rural workers showed slower growth rates that resulted in an increasing gap between supply and demand. The research proves that education and qualification of rural workers are being underutilized, and the scale of education-occupation mismatch has been rather big. The most obvious contradiction between education underutilization and its non-purpose use - when people do not work in accordance with their specialization - refer to the workers with technical and agricultural training.

Theories of Skill and Class Structure

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Penn
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
Balance Of Forces

This paper notes an increased interest in issues of skill and class structure evident amongst both Marxist and non-Marxist sociologists. It examines three questions in this area. Firstly, what theories are available to sociologists? How adequate are they, particularly for an understanding of trends in manual work in Britain? Finally, what improvements can be suggested? Two dominant grand-theoretical approaches, post-industrialism and Marxism, are analysed Post-industrialist theories of ‘skilling’ are rejected as empirically implausible and Marxist versions of ‘deskilling’ rejected on theoretical and empirical grounds. None the less, a secular decline in levels of training as measured by length of apprenticeships is noted, but the question of deskilling requires further research. A model of the relationships of skilled trades unions and capitalist employers under different local labour market conditions is suggested which, despite its simplicity, incorporates marked improvements upon the Marxist models that have been popular recently. In particular, it is strongly argued that an image of an asymmetric balance of forces adds considerably to an understanding of the variable relations between capital and skilled labour in Britain.

scholarly journals A View on Employing Foreigners from the Countries Outside the EU in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Hricová ◽  
Renáta Madzinová
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
To Come ◽  
Gradual Pressure ◽  
The Eu

Structural changes in the labour market, employment growth and a lack of skilled labour have generated interest in additional workforce. At first, Slovakia responded by employing the long-term unemployed and by increasing internal migration, but there was also a gradual pressure on employing foreigners. Foreigners gradually began to come to Slovakia, not only from the EU, but also from third countries. For a more detailed analysis, 5 countries were selected, which in the last analysed year accounted for the highest percentage of the employment of foreigners from third countries. The aim of the paper is to find out, on the basis of the analysis of the number of working foreigners in Slovakia, in which professions they are most often employed and whether we are able to use their knowledge potential.

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