scholarly journals Peer Punishment with Third-Party Approval in a Social Dilemma Game

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Tan ◽  
Erte Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Third Party

scholarly journals The Intuition of Punishment: A Study of Fairness Preferences and Cognitive Ability

Games ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Seier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
Other Regarding

Can differences in cognitive reflection explain other-regarding behavior? To test this, I use the three-item Cognitive Reflection Task to classify individuals as intuitive or reflective and correlate this measure with choices in three games that each subject participates in. The main sample consists of 236 individuals who completed the dictator game, ultimatum game and a third-party punishment task. Subjects afterwards completed the three-item Cognitive Reflection Test. Results showed that intuitive individuals acted more prosocially in all social dilemma tasks. These individuals were more likely to serve as a norm enforcer and third-party punish a selfish act in the dictator game. Reflective individuals were found more likely to act consistently in a self-interested manner across the three games.

Leader Punishment and Cooperation in Groups: Experimental Field Evidence from Commons Management in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 747-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosfeld ◽  
Devesh Rustagi
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Group Members

We conduct a social dilemma experiment in which real-world leaders can punish group members as a third party. Despite facing an identical environment, leaders are found to take remarkably different punishment approaches. The different leader types revealed experimentally explain the relative success of groups in managing their forest commons. Leaders who emphasize equality and efficiency see positive forest outcomes. Antisocial leaders, who punish indiscriminately, see relatively negative forest outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of leaders in collective action, and more generally the idiosyncratic but powerful roles that leaders may play, leading to substantial variation in group cooperation outcomes. (JEL C93, D03, O13, Q23)

scholarly journals Peer punishment with third-party approval in a social dilemma game

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Tan ◽  
Erte Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Third Party

scholarly journals Scarce and directly beneficial reputations support cooperation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flóra Samu ◽  
Szabolcs Számadó ◽  
Károly Takács
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Scarce Resource ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Previous Group

ABSTRACTA human solution to the problem of cooperation is the construction and maintenance of informal reputation hierarchies. Reputational information contributes to cooperation by providing guidelines about previous group-beneficial or free-rider behavior of opponents in social dilemma interactions. How reputation information could be credible, however, when outcomes of interactions are not publicly known, remains a puzzle. In this study, we propose that credibility could be ensured if reputation is a scarce resource and it is not believed to be earned for direct benefits. We tested these propositions in a laboratory experiment in which participants played two-person Prisoner’s Dilemma games without partner selection, could observe some other interactions and could communicate reputational information about possible prospective opponents to each other. We found that scarcity is a necessary condition for reputation scores to be informative. While cooperation has not been sustained at a high level in any of the conditions, reputational information clearly influenced cooperation decisions. The possibility of exchanging third-party information was able to increase the level of cooperation the most if reputation was a scarce resource and contrary to our expectations, when reputational scores have been directly translated into monetary benefits.

The many faces of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract My response to the commentaries focuses on four issues: (1) the diversity both within and between cultures of the many different faces of obligation; (2) the possible evolutionary roots of the sense of obligation, including possible sources that I did not consider; (3) the possible ontogenetic roots of the sense of obligation, including especially children's understanding of groups from a third-party perspective (rather than through participation, as in my account); and (4) the relation between philosophical accounts of normative phenomena in general – which are pitched as not totally empirical – and empirical accounts such as my own. I have tried to distinguish comments that argue for extensions of the theory from those that represent genuine disagreement.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Coding for Evaluation and Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kander ◽  
Steve White
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Coding Rules ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Web

Abstract This article explains the development and use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, CPT procedure codes, and HCPCS supply/device codes. Examples of appropriate coding combinations, and Coding rules adopted by most third party payers are given. Additionally, references for complete code lists on the Web and a list of voice-related CPT code edits are included. The reader is given adequate information to report an evaluation or treatment session with accurate diagnosis, procedure, and supply/device codes. Speech-language pathologists can accurately code services when given adequate resources and rules and are encouraged to insert relevant codes in the medical record rather than depend on billing personnel to accurately provide this information. Consultation is available from the Division 3 Reimbursement Committee members and from [email protected] .

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