scholarly journals The Effects of Changes in Women’s Labor Market Attachment on Redistribution Under the Social Security Benefit Formula

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Gustman ◽  
Thomas L. Steinmeier ◽  
Nahid Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security Benefit ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
The Social

Vreemde werknemers, werkgelegenheid en sociale zekerheid

Res Publica ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Frank Moulaert
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Social

This article gives a survey of the position of migrant workers in the Belgian labor market and social security system. Total employment of migrants has increased from 114,000 in 1954 to 224,900 in 1970.In contrast to overall employment in the Belgian economy, it went on climbing till 1978, up to a 245,900 level. Beyond this year, forecasts point at a slight decrease. Since WWII, the gravity point of the sectoral division of migrant workers has shifted from minig and industry, to industry and tertiary activities. The share of industry in the employment of migrants bas remained relatively stable, in contrast to the tertiary sector, that witnessed a considerable expansion. However, the latter has not contributed substantially to the quality level of the average guest worker's job.On the whole, there is a strong correspondence between the unstable position of migrants in the labor market and their demographic characteristics on one side, their participation in the social security system on the other side. Their young family structure is reflected in a high share in family allowances and a limited appeal to pension funds. Statistical analysis at the aggregate level does not point at discriminatory practices vis-à-vis migrants and their families in social security ; but at thedisaggregate level and through the inspection of laws, regulations and international conventions, it appears that non-EEC nationals, with an unstable professional career, do not have the same rights as Belgians or EEC-citizens having a confortable position in the labor market and the social security system. In order to guarantee the rights of the farmer, the author suggests to establish a citizenship entitling to full social security rights after five years of regular residence in Belgium.

scholarly journals IS THE SOCIAL SECURITY CRISIS REALLY AS BAD AS WE THINK?

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantanu Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Incomplete Markets ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Social Security Benefit ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Natural Expansion

Because they ignore the household-level and macroeconomic adjustments associated with longevity improvements, the actuarial projections of the Social Security Administration overestimate the Social Security crisis. Using a general-equilibrium model with heterogeneous households and incomplete markets, I show that with these adjustments accounted for, a significantly smaller decline in benefits is needed to balance the Social Security budget. Households respond by delaying retirement and Social Security benefit collection, by working more hours, and by also saving more. In general equilibrium, these effects lead to a natural expansion of Social Security's tax base and generate significant delayed retirement credits, which the actuarial estimates completely overlook.

Redistribution under the Social Security benefit formula at the individual and household levels, 1992 and 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN L. GUSTMAN ◽  
THOMAS L. STEINMEIER ◽  
NAHID TABATABAI
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Social Security Benefit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Earning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractStudies using data from the early 1990s suggested that while the progressive Social Security benefit formula succeeded in redistributing benefits from individuals with high earnings to individuals with low earnings, it was much less successful in redistributing benefits from households with high earnings to households with low earnings. Wives often earned much less than their husbands. As a result, much of the redistribution at the individual level was effectively from high earning husbands to their own lower earning wives. In addition, spouse and survivor benefits accrue disproportionately to women from high income households. Both factors mitigate redistribution at the household level. It has been argued that with the increase in the labor force participation and earnings of women, Social Security now should do a better job of redistributing benefits at the household level. To be sure, when we compare outcomes for a cohort with a household member age 51 to 56 in 1992 with those from a cohort born twelve years later, redistribution at the household level has increased over time. Nevertheless, as of 2004 there still is substantially less redistribution of benefits from high to low earning households than from high to low earning individuals.

scholarly journals Group Differences in Patterns of Retirement and Social Security Benefits Receipt in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Hyesu Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Social Security Benefits

Abstract Extended working lives are a clear phenomenon in the U.S. However, the Social Security benefits and old-fashioned retirement concept has not changed by the new trend. This study is to examine 1) whether retirement and Social Security benefits simultaneously happen as Social Security was planned, and 2) differences in groups based on the trajectories in retirement and Social Security benefits. This study used data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) 2000-2016. The sample consisted of respondents the ages of 54 or older who worked for pay without receiving Social Security benefits in 2000 (N=1,924). A Latent Class Growth Analysis was conducted to classify the number of groups based on individuals’ trajectories in retirement and Social Security. The bivariate analysis tested group members’ characteristics. The final model included four groups: 1) ‘delayed retirement and Social Security,’ 2) ‘early Social Security but re-entry of the labor market after early retirement,’ 3) ‘delayed retirement but early Social Security,’ and 4) ‘retirement and Social Security at the same time point.’ The bivariate analysis demonstrated significant differences between groups in retirement age, Social Security age, education, health, and income. The result indicated that Group 2, with lower health status, education level, and income, was vulnerable in retirement. The group retired and received Social Security comparatively earlier, whereas they finally retired at the oldest age after reentering the labor market. This finding suggests that Social Security and retirement do not happen simultaneously, and Social Security is not enough for some people’s living.

Towards a Two-Tier Society?

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Rudi Wielers ◽  
Peter van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Benefits

The labor market has a crucial distribution function in Western welfare societies and is therefore a major source of social conflict. Our main argument is that a two-tier society develops as a consequence of the development of the labor market. Because labor costs increase relative to those of capital, selection devices in the labor market change. Level of education and health become more important, whereas the significance of gender decreases. The social consequences of these selection processes are analyzed as a process of spatial and mental segregation between participants and non-participants in the labor market. The social security system is an especially important new locus of social conflict. We conclude that the neo-liberal solution of reducing social security benefits will have the perverse effect of calling into existence an underclass, which threatens the property rights of the participants.

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