Estimating the Constraints to Developing Countries Trade - A Taxonomy of the Binding Constraints to Trade Expansion of Landlocked Countries, Small and Vulnerable Economies, and Commodity Exporters

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Hallaert ◽  
Ricardo H. Cavazos-Cepeda ◽  
Gimin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Binding Constraints

scholarly journals Clothing manufacturing and exporting countries of the World: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Shaikh Md Mominul Alam ◽  
Shaharia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
Supply Chain Structure ◽  
High Level

The aim of this paper is to discuss about the textiles and clothing manufacturing and exporting countries of the world. This paper has some objectives such as introducing the applications of spandex fabrics, discussing highest clothing importers, and detailing recent textile trade expansion countries etc. The textiles and clothing industries are categorized by changeable mandate, short product life sequences, rapid response time, enormous product diversity, and an unstable, unyielding, and intricate supply chain structure. The textile and clothing industries subsidize meaningfully towards the national budget of many countries. Although the clothing industry is worldwide in nature, the engineering facilities from established countries are flowing to developing countries to lessen the labor fees. Even in these developing countries, the clothing industries are fronting the greatest experiments in spite of the inexpensive labor cost, due to the petite production life-cycle, high instability, low expectedness, high level of instinct purchase and the quick market reaction. To diminish the cost of manufacture, the clothing industries in developing countries are rather concentrating on sourcing of inexpensive raw materials and minimizing transfer cost than labor efficiency due to the obtainability of inexpensive labor.

scholarly journals Why trade facilitation matters to Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO PORTUGAL-PEREZ ◽  
JOHN S. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMitigating the impact of the economic crisis will require using all the tools necessary to regain a sustainable path to growth. This includes measures to support trade expansion, including in developing countries, such as those in Africa. This paper provides context for understanding why trade facilitation and lowering trade costs matter to Africa both today and over the long term. Trade costs are higher in Africa than in other regions. Using gravity-model estimates, the authors compute ad-valorem equivalents of improvements in trade indicators for a sample of African countries. The evidence suggests that the gains for African exporters from cutting trade costs half-way to the level of Mauritius has a greater effect on trade flows than a substantial cut in tariff barriers. As an example, improving logistics so that Ethiopia cuts its costs of trading a standardized container of goods half-way to the level in Mauritius would be roughly equivalent to a 7.6% cut in tariffs faced by Ethiopian exporters across all importers.

scholarly journals International Comparison of the Efficiency of Agricultural Science, Technology, and Innovation: A Case Study of G20 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2769
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Guo ◽  
Canhui Deng ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xu Du ◽  
Jiali Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Binding Constraints ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

An efficiency-oriented innovation analysis will enhance the understanding of the operational quality related to the transformation process of limited innovation investments for improving innovation outputs. The purpose of this study was to measure the static-dynamic efficiency of agricultural science, technology, and innovation (ASTI) and identify the efficiency determinants across the Group of Twenty (G20) countries. First, the static comprehensive efficiency of ASTI was measured employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-BCC model, and some of the binding constraints to higher efficiency were investigated. Then, we applied the DEA-Malmquist index model to calculate the efficiency change of ASTI in certain periods and decomposed the sources of efficiency change. Finally, the G20 countries were classified into four-level clusters based on the rankings of efficiency measurement and capability evaluation of ASTI to locate the type of ASTI level and identify the type change in both the efficiency and capability. The empirical results indicate the following. (1) The efficiency range of the G20 developing countries was relatively larger than the G20 developed countries. The G20 developed countries showed a fluctuating downward trend, while the G20 developing countries showed an upward trend from the perspective of efficient proportion. The R&D expenditure redundancy and the agricultural journal papers deficiency were the main binding constraints to the higher efficiency of ASTI. (2) The total factor productivity change (TFPC) of ASTI showed an alternating trend of “decline–growth–continuous decline–growth recovery”, where the G20 developed countries experienced “growth–decline–growth” and the G20 developing countries underwent a fluctuating upward trend. The TFPC of ASTI in most G20 countries was primarily due to technological change. (3) The G20 developed countries usually had advantages in capacity, while the G20 developing countries performed better in efficiency.

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