Optimal Consumption and Investment with Differential Long-Term/Short-Term Capital Gain Tax Rates

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Dai ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yifei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Capital Gain ◽  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Optimal Consumption And Investment

Tax Clienteles and Debt Maturity

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Harwood ◽  
Gil B. Manzon
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Debt Maturity ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maturity Structure ◽  
Tax Shields ◽  
Marginal Tax Rates ◽  
Outstanding Debt ◽  
Larger Sample

We examine the proposition that the expected value of future interest tax shields affects firms' preferences for long-term vs. short-term debt. We extend prior work that has focused on incremental debt issuances (Newberry and Novack 1999; Guedes and Opler 1996) by examining the maturity structure reflected in the portfolio of firms' outstanding debt at year-end. Thus, our study tests a wider range of capital structure activities and includes a much larger sample of firms than examined in prior studies. Our results indicate that firms with high marginal tax rates use more long-term debt than do firms with low marginal tax rates. These findings are consistent with the existence of tax clienteles for financing with debt of different maturities.

Congress Finally Passes Carried Interest Legislation, But is it Enough?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Hughlene A. Burton ◽  
Noel Brock
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Interest Income ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
Unlimited Amount

ABSTRACT After numerous failed previous attempts to enact legislation taxing “carried interest” income attributable to services as compensation income versus capital gains, Congress enacted Section 1061 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Unlike previous proposals, which would tax carried interest income attributable to services as compensation income, Section 1061 simply reclassifies some carried interest income attributable to services as short-term capital gain. By choosing to treat carried interest income attributable to services as short-term capital gain instead of as compensation income, Section 1061 exempts such income from self-employment tax and allows taxpayers to offset such income with an unlimited amount of short-term capital losses. This paper reviews the requirements under Section 1061 and explains several ambiguities created by the new law. In addition, this paper examines whether Section 1061 follows sound tax policy. The authors find that Section 1061 does not follow the tax policy concepts of equity and fairness, economic efficiency, neutrality, simplicity, or certainty. In addition, the authors find that Section 1061 will have minimal impact, as most carried interest is held longer than the required period to qualify as long-term capital gain.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Abstract #283 Diabetes Increases Short-Term but not Long-Term Risk of Fracture: A Community-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Setareh Williams ◽  
Richard Weiss ◽  
Elizabeth Samelson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Of Fracture

Abstract #238: Improved Short Term and Long Term Outcomes of Early Insulin Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes Over 10 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Jothydev Kesavadev ◽  
Shashank Joshi ◽  
Banshi Saboo ◽  
Hemant Thacker ◽  
Arun Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Initiation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term

Anticoagulation in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy has no impact on long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of (sub)acute lower limb ischemia

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Mariya Kronlage ◽  
Erwin Blessing ◽  
Oliver J. Müller ◽  
Britta Heilmeier ◽  
Hugo A. Katus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Summary. Background: To assess the impact of short- vs. long-term anticoagulation in addition to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) upon endovascular treatment of (sub)acute thrombembolic occlusions of the lower extremity. Patient and methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 202 patients with a thrombembolic occlusion of lower extremities, followed by crirical limb ischemia that received endovascular treatment including thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of both between 2006 and 2015 at a single center. Following antithrombotic regimes were compared: 1) dual antiplatelet therapy, DAPT for 4 weeks (aspirin 100 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d) upon intervention, followed by a lifelong single antiplatelet therapy; 2) DAPT plus short term anticoagulation for 4 weeks, followed by a lifelong single antiplatelet therapy; 3) DAPT plus long term anticoagulation for > 4 weeks, followed by a lifelong anticoagulation. Results: Endovascular treatment was associated with high immediate revascularization (> 98 %), as well as overall and amputation-free survival rates (> 85 %), independent from the chosen anticoagulation regime in a two-year follow up, p > 0.05. Anticoagulation in addition to standard antiplatelet therapy had no significant effect on patency or freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) 24 months upon index procedure for both thrombotic and embolic occlusions. Severe bleeding complications occurred more often in the long-term anticoagulation group (9.3 % vs. 5.6 % (short-term group) and 6.5 % (DAPT group), p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our observational study demonstrates that the choice of an antithrombotic regime had no impact on the long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of acute thrombembolic limb ischemia whereas prolonged anticoagulation was associated with a nominal increase in severe bleeding complications.

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