International Tax Policy in the Context of Integration and Trade: The Case of the US Free Trade Agreements

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Johanna Mosquera Valderrama
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Tax ◽  
International Tax Policy

scholarly journals Civil Society Activism under US Free Trade Agreements: The Effects of Actorness on Decent Work

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Myriam Oehri
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Us

US free trade agreements comprise unique provisions that enable civil society to present public complaints against labor rights violations occurring in the US or its trade partners. To date, a variety of complainants have used these mechanisms, including (inter)national trade unions, human rights organizations, and a priest. And yet, little is known about the submissions’ nature of agency and the effects it has on the procedural continuations to address illicit labor practices. To fill this research lacuna, this article employs a multidisciplinary framework of ‘actorness’ that measures the submitters’ diversity (professionalism/non-professionalism, collectivism/individualism, transnationalism/nationalism) and their effectiveness (rejection/acceptance of submissions and further procedural follow-ups). Combining quantitative examination with in-depth analysis of two diverse cases of actorness, and drawing on expert interviews, public reports, and minutes of meetings, the study reveals that the majority of public submissions were of professional, collective, and transnational nature. However, contrary to what extant literature suggests, this is not a guarantee that they achieve more far-reaching procedural steps in the protection of workers. Non-professional, individual, and national actorness can compensate for the advantages of professionalism, collectivism, and transnationalism.

Debating Trade: The Legislative Politics of Free Trade Agreements in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-364
Author(s):  
Fabian A. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Legislative Politics ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ability And Willingness ◽  
Do So

Stereotypes of Latin American legislatures as either rubber stamps or obstructionist obscure important cross-national differences. This article argues that the ability and willingness of legislatures to serve as counterweights to presidents are functions of their capabilities, electoral rules and the president’s powers. These arguments are assessed by comparing the legislative debates of free trade agreements with the US and accompanying legislation in Chile, Costa Rica and Peru. The cases reveal that legislatures with strong capabilities behave proactively, proposing their own policies that challenge the executive’s. If they challenge the president, congresses with weaker capabilities do so primarily through obstruction. Further, electoral rules shape the way legislators go about challenging the executive. Whereas legislators elected under personal vote systems take their cues from constituents, those elected under party-vote systems follow the party line. Worryingly, however, even a capable and motivated legislature may be sidelined by a powerful executive.

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