Bureaucratic Corruption in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of the ASEAN 5

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Farrales
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption

scholarly journals Current trends, foreign economic development strategies, and competitiveness of transnational corporations of Japan, China and Southeast Asia: comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Yana V. Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods

The purpose of this research is a comparative analysis of modern strategies for foreign economic development and transnationalization of large businesses in Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. The article analyzes modern investment strategies and the main trends in the activities of transnational corporations in these countries. The relevance of the article is due to the important role of TNCs in the international exchange of foreign direct investment, their significant contribution to improving the socio-economic level of their home countries, as well as strengthening and expanding trade and economic ties between the states of East Asia. When preparing the work, we used such quantitative research methods as statistical analysis, ranking, comparison. We use theoretical (descriptive analysis, content analysis) and empirical (working with official documentation) methods for collecting information. Official publications and materials of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), as well as the work of Russian scientists and researchers, made a significant contribution to the theoretical and factual base of the study. The article compares the total volume of assets held by corporations in the countries under consideration and the volume of foreign assets. The author analyzes the spheres of economy in which their TNCs are engaged and attempts to identify their international specialization. Singapore and Malaysia are defined as the Southeast Asian countries that are most successfully developing the process of transnationalization of large businesses; however, business transnationalization is uneven in the sub-region. Various motives for the transnationalization of large businesses in the compared countries are highlighted, as well as modern examples of their investment interaction, mergers, and acquisitions conducted by East Asian TNCs.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Roles of ASEAN and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in Responding to the Rohingya Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Irawan Jati
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Regional Organization ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Target Community

Since 2012, Southeast Asia has witnessed the human rights tragedy of the Rohingya people of Myanmar. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have been displaced from their homes and traveled to refugee facilities in Myanmar and Bangladesh, while others have been stranded on the Andaman Sea. The Rohingya crisis is perhaps the most horrific human rights tragedy after the crisis in Vietnam in the 1970s. As the crisis has developed, international communities, including ASEAN and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), have responded to the crisis. As the main regional organization, ASEAN has been hoped to elucidate the crisis tactically through peaceful means. OIC, meanwhile, has been expected to join humanitarian action using a diplomatic approach to other international humanitarian bodies, including the UNHCR. However, it is obvious that ASEAN's response to the crisis has been limited to diplomatic oration and failed to prevent a wider crisis. For OIC, its humanitarian solidarity has lacked access to the target community. Therefore, this paper would like to attempt a comparative analysis to describe the central inquiry; how have ASEAN and OIC responded to the Rohingya crisis? This analysis involves studying ASEAN and OIC publications and related references. The initial argument of this paper is that both organizations have given reasonable responses to the crisis, but have been unable to halt its advance.

scholarly journals Lost in translation: a comparative analysis of developing regions' receptions of the responsibility to protect norm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aidan Gnoth
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
International Norm ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Discursive Approach

<p>The way in which different regions are receiving the international norm of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been attracting increasing attention within academia in recent years, most notably after the NATO led intervention in Libya in 2011. Academics have attempted to analyse the extent to which R2P has been diffused in various states and have argued that states within developing regions have begun to localise R2P to make it more congruent with their pre-existing norms and practices in order to increase its acceptance. These studies have utilised traditional theories of norm diffusion which conceive of norms as static entities with fixed content and as such they have not attempted to analyse how the norm has been changing as a result of this process. Furthermore these studies have tended to analyse the diffusion of R2P in isolation from other states and other regions and as such, no comparative analysis of how regions have received R2P exists. This thesis employs a discursive approach, seeking to look at how R2P has been received within three developing regions (Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America) and in doing so aims to find how regions receptions of R2P differ and whether the content of R2P has changed between them. It finds that since the 2005 World Summit, receptions to R2P have not significantly altered and that where R2P is being gradually diffused it is increasingly becoming a norm for prevention rather than response.</p>

scholarly journals Между Азией и Австралией (краниологическое разнообразие мозгового черепа современного населения юго-восточной Азии)

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
А.П. Пестряков ◽  
О.М. Григорьева ◽  
Ю.В. Пеленицына
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
Shelf Seas

Настоящая работа является продолжением серии исследований, посвященных панойкумкенной классификации современного человека по мозговому черепу. Изучались краниологические особенности близкого к современности населения обширных территорий Юго-восточной Азии, Австралии и островного мира, лежащего между этими континентами. В основном исследование опиралось на сравнительный анализ индивидуальных данных мужских черепов 32 краниосерий, взятых из работ антропологов, изучавших этот регион. Метрические признаки (абсолютные размеры и индексы) этих краниосерий вычислялись на основе величины трёх взаимноперпендикулярных диаметров черепной коробки, взятых из литературных источников. Восемь остальных признаков рассчитывались по различным соотношениям величин этих диаметров. Дендрограмма расстояний между этими 32-мя краниосериями, построенная по 11 признакам размера и формы черепной коробки, чётко разбивается на три кластера. Краниосерии одного из них характеризуются параметрами, типичными для панойкуменного краниотипа пацифидов: мезокранные, средневысокие и средне удлинённые черепа. Серии другого кластера представляют краниотип восточных тропидов: долихокранные, средневысокие и сильно удлинённые черепа. Краниосерии третьего кластера отличны как от названных двух панойкуменных краниотипов, так и от третьего панойкуменного краниотипа голарктидов, серии которого отсутствуют на изучаемой территории. Серии этого последнего кластера получили у нас наименование – сундиды, т.к. в основном они локализованы на территории субконтинента Сунда, образованого во время регрессии моря в эпоху четвертичного плейстоцена, когда шельфовые моря юго-восточной Азии и Индонезии стали сушей, частью единого Евразийского континента. Для подобных серий характерна малая величина укороченного брахикранного черепа. Большая часть краниосерий Индокитая и Индонезии могут быть отнесены именно к этому краниотипу. Таким образом, большая монголоидная раса разбивается по признакам мозгового черепа на три различных краниологических типа: континентальные монголоиды (голарктиды), тихоокеанские монголоиды (пацифиды) и южные монголоиды (сундиды). This work continues the studies devoted to the worldwide classification of modern humans by the neurocranial skull. Cranial dimensions of population of vast territories of Southeast Asia, Australia and the islands between these continents were studied. The study was based on a comparative analysis of individual data from male skulls from 32 samples, taken from published works of anthropologists who studied this region. The dendrogram of the distances between these 32 samples, based on 11 measures of the size and shape of the skull, is formed by three distinctive clusters. Samples from the first cluster are characterized as typical for the Pacifid craniotype (mesocranial skulls). Samples from the second cluster belong to the East Tropid craniotype (dolichocranial skulls). Samples from the third cluster differ both from the two craniotypes mentioned above and another craniotype, called Golarktids (this type is not presented in the studied area). We called this last cluster “Sundids”, because they are mainly localized in the Sunda subcontinent. This area was formed during the sea regression during the Pleistocene, when the shelf seas of Southeast Asia and Indonesia turned into land, part of a single Eurasian continent. In this sample, the skulls are small and brachycranial. A large part of Indochinese and Indonesian crania can be attributed to this craniotype. Thus, the great Mongoloid race can be divided into three different craniological types: continental Mongoloids (Golarktids), Pacific Mongoloids (Pacifids), and southern Mongoloids (Sundids).

Congregations and Associations: the Political Structure of the Chinese Community in Phnom-Penh, Cambodia

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Political ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Phnom Penh

The study of overseas Chinese has continued for some time as a series of somewhat unrelated monographs with little comparative analysis. One of the few important attempts at sociological generalization about Chinese communities in Southeast Asia was made by Maurice Freedman in an article entitled ‘Immigrants and Associations’, which appeared in this journal in 1960. In this article, Freedman suggested that ‘the associations which in a small-scale and relatively underdeveloped settlement express social, economic and political links in an undifferentiated form, tend, as the scale and complexity of the society increase, to separate into a network of associations which are comparatively specialized in their functions and the kinds of solidarity they express’ (Freedman, 1960: 47 f.). He proposed a continuum of types of overseas Chinese urban communities. At one end stands Kuching, Sarawak, ‘as the model of a simple and relatively small-scale overseas settlement’, while ‘Later Singapore is … the model of the most developed form of immigrant Chinese settlement in Southeast Asia’ (ibid.: 45). Singapore exhibits a great number of associations, based on criteria of recruitment that allow memberships to overlap to a great extent; the urban Chinese community in Sarawak includes fewer associations and consequently less overlap among memberships. Other studies in Southeast Asia suggest that this continuum might be a useful way of looking at the development of Chinese communities.

Bureaucratic Corruption in the ASEAN Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Their Anti-Corruption Strategies

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. T. Quah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
United Nations ◽  
National Development ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Asean Countries

Bureaucratic corruption is one of the most serious and embarrassing obstacles to national development in the developing countries, which include among others the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) viz., Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. According to an official of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific:Donor countries and the United Nations bodies working in developing countries are well aware that one of the most serious problems hampering development is corruption; so are the recipient countries. But no one seems prepared to discuss it publicly.

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