Fossil Fuels - At What Cost? Government Support for Upstream Oil Activities in Three Canadian Provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland & Labrador

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Sawyer ◽  
Seton Stiebert
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Renewable Energy and Government Support: Time to ‘Green’ the SCM Agreement?

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERZOD SHADIKHODJAEV
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Trade Frictions ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Support Time

AbstractMany governments provide subsidies to shift from ‘dirty’ but cheap fossil fuels to ‘clean’ but expensive renewable energy. Recently, public incentives in the renewable energy sector have been challenged through both dispute settlement procedures of the World Trade Organization and domestic countervailing duty investigations. One may expect that trade frictions in this field will intensify over time. This article argues that the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures – a multilateral trade treaty on subsidization and anti-subsidy measures – should be revised to give more policy space to national authorities in implementing their low-carbon programmes. The Appellate Body made a few climate-friendly interpretations in Canada–Renewable Energy/Canada–Feed-In Tariff Program. It is now members’ turn to carry out meaningful rule-making reforms. This article explores some ways to ‘green’ the existing disciplines.

scholarly journals Progress of Microalgal Biodiesel Research in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yue Shi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Microalgal Biodiesel ◽  
Production Technologies

Excessive use of fossil fuels has led to severe energy calamity and environmental pollution in the world. The effect can be mitigated by shifting from conventional fuels to biofuel which may become a replacement of fuels such as diesel, gasoline and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Algal biomass is considered as one of the most promising and emerging sources of biodiesel production. Technologies related to biodiesel production using algal biomass have gained initial foothold in Pakistan but have failed miserably in gaining necessary momentum due to lack of government support to technology. The aim of this study is to indicate the progress and future perspectives of biodiesel production in Pakistan through microalgae. The study indicates that a microalgae is one of the best candidates for biodiesel production in addition to other energy crops like Jatropha, Castor and Pongamia Pinnata. There is a need to expeditiously develop biodiesel technology using local resources to lower the burden of imports on country’s economy while also bringing security of energy resources.

Exploitation of landfill gas: a UK perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Brown ◽  
David H. Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Energy Equivalent ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

Landfill gas (LFG) is a flammable and potentially harmful mixture of methane, carbon dioxide and a large number of trace constituents produced when waste decays in landfill disposal sites. The need to prevent damage from landfill gas emissions has been recognised since the 1970s, and is now enshrined in landfill site regulations. Sophisticated gas control measures such as actively-pumped gas extraction wells and multi-layered liners are now being implemented on a wide scale. The exploitation of LFG as a fuel or feed stock can complement the objectives of environmental protection and, at the same time, provide an additional revenue stream and reduce the use of fossil fuels. Exploitation of landfill gas in the UK began in the early 1980s, initially as a replacement fuel in kilns and boilers. There are now 13 such direct use projects saving the energy equivalent 50,000 tonnes of coal per year (January 1993). Use of LFG for power generation began in 1985. Government support for electricity from renewable sources has made power generation the dominant use for LFG in the UK. The UK currently has 42 power generation projects with a combined capacity of 72 MWe, saving the energy equivalent to 263,000 tonnes of coal per year (January 1993). This paper reviews current understanding of the processes of landfill gas formation and outlines the considerations required for its use as a fuel. The paper outlines the technology of gas collection and exploitation and assesses the economics of generating electricity from LFG in the UK, and the scope for further development.

scholarly journals Strategies Producers in the Northeastern United States Are Using to Reduce Costs and Increase Profits in Tough Economic Times

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Downward Pressure

The environmental horticulture industry (sometimes referred to as the “green industry”) is usually divided into nursery and floriculture crops. The green industry in the northeastern United States is an important component of agricultural production, with over $2 billion in farm cash receipts, equating to 22.4% of all farm cash receipts in the northeastern United States. It is the number one agricultural commodity in five northeastern U.S. states. Competition in the green industry has become fierce. Many factors have put downward pressure on price. These include the recent volatility of fossil fuels and general energy prices, domestic competition, off-shore production, a weakened and stressed economy, and the growth of the mass market. Nationally, the number of producers continues to decline as a direct result of the newly defined economic risks. The industry's profit margins are typically low, leaving little room for growers to absorb significant increases in costs or decreases in revenues. Unlike farmers who produce field crops, nursery and greenhouse firms bear the entire price, market, and production risks because these crops have had no government support programs. This article will discuss what strategies producers in the northeastern United States are using to reduce costs and increase profits in tough economic times. It will analyze how producers have they honed their marketing and management skills to continue to survive and respond to current trends.

scholarly journals Barriers of Biodiesel Adoption by Transportation Companies: A Case of Malaysian Transportation Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaiza Zailani ◽  
Mohammad Iranmanesh ◽  
Sunghyup Sean Hyun ◽  
Mohd Ali
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Day By Day

The need to develop an alternative fuel to fossil fuel is growing day by day, especially for the transportation industry, as the supply of fossil fuels is limited and is depleting at a rapid rate. One available resource that has emerged recently is biodiesel. However, the usage of biodiesel is very low among transportation companies. An investigation into the barriers of adopting biodiesel by transportation companies is the focus of the present study. A survey of 147 transportation companies in Malaysia was undertaken, and the data gathered were analyzed using partial least squares technique. Lack of government support, lack of environmental–commercial benefits, and lack of competitive pressure were found to be the barriers to biodiesel adoption. The results also indicated that differentiation strategy moderates the impact of lack of government support, lack of customer demand, lack of environmental-commercial benefits and lack of competitive pressure on biodiesel adoption. The results of this study could benefit policy makers by providing them key focus areas in which they can modify their strategies to actively and successfully promote the use of biodiesel among transportation companies in developing countries.

Does Targeting Always Mean Retrenchment? Housing Assistance “Exceptionalism” in Canadian Welfare State

2020 ◽  
pp. 009539972094799
Author(s):  
Maroine Bendaoud
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Housing Assistance ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Low Coverage

According to many scholars, policy targeting is the product of conservative and/or neoliberal politics. Targeting is perceived as a reduction of social welfare or a form of exclusion, usually resulting in no “winners” but only “losers.” Based on the study of housing assistance in Canadian provinces, this article argues that alternative views are possible. I emphasize the historic low coverage of housing assistance, that I term the housing “exceptionalism,” which refers to the small number of households who benefit from government support. The “exceptionalism” sets the stage to understanding why the vulnerable citizen winners have gained over the moderate-income losers.

scholarly journals Shine on Me: Industry Coherence and Policy Support for Emerging Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis (Panikos) Georgallis ◽  
Glen Dowell ◽  
Rodolphe Durand
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
State Support ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

Although the emergence of new industries is often attributed to state support, little is known about the conditions under which an emergent category of organizations comes to receive state support in the first place. We theorize how government support for a nascent industry is jointly determined by the industry’s internal features and external forces and test our arguments by analyzing feed-in tariff policies for the emergent solar photovoltaics (PV) industry in 28 European countries from 1987 to 2012. We find that feed-in tariffs—policies that incentivize renewable energy—were more likely in countries with greater numbers of solar PV producers and where the industry was more coherent, containing fewer producers coming from industries with a contrasting identity, such as fossil fuels. Further, we find that the concentration of the incumbent (rival) energy sector in a given country enhances the effect of the number of PV producers on government policy support, but only when the emerging industry has a coherent identity. Our results shed new light on the relationship between public policy and the emergence of an industry category, and they extend our understanding of how new industries can attain valuable state support while operating in seemingly hostile environments.

scholarly journals The Management of Agricultural Waste Biomass in the Framework of Circular Economy and Bioeconomy: An Opportunity for Greenhouse Agriculture in Southeast Spain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Duque-Acevedo ◽  
Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña ◽  
José A. Plaza-Úbeda ◽  
Francisco Camacho-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
And Training

For decades, non-renewable resources have been the basis of worldwide economic development. The extraction rate of natural resources has increased by 113% since 1990, which has led to overexploitation and generation of vast amounts of waste. For this reason, it is essential that a sustainable development model is adopted—one which makes it possible to produce more food and energy with fewer fossil fuels, low pollutant gas emissions and minimal solid waste. Certain management policies and approaches, such as the strategy of a circular ecocomy or bioeconomy, are oriented towards sustainable production and consumption. The present study focuses on the importance of intensive horticulture in the Mediterranean region, specifically in the province of Almería (Spain). After having conducted a study of the main crops in this area, it was determined that the waste biomass generated presented strong potential for exploitation. With the proper regulatory framework, which promotes and prioritises the circularity of agricultural waste, there are several opportunities for improving the current waste management model. In the same way, the results of the economic evaluation demonstrate that the alternative of self-management of waste biomass is profitable, specifically from tomato crops. Compost and green fertilizer production also prove to be a key strategy in the transition towards a more circular and sustainable agricultural production model. As for the said transition, government support is vital in terms of carrying out awareness campaigns and training activities and providing financing for Research and Development (R&D).

Fossil Fuels - At What Cost? Government Support for Upstream Oil and Gas Activities in Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Braithwaite ◽  
Soepraptono Soelaiman ◽  
Gatot K. Wiroyudo ◽  
Herucokro Trimurdadi ◽  
Sugiharto Soeleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Government Support
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