A New Simple Approach for Constructing Implied Volatility Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Carr ◽  
Liuren Wu
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

scholarly journals Simulation of Implied Volatility Surfaces via Tangent Lévy Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-213
Author(s):  
Rene Carmona ◽  
Yi Ma ◽  
Sergey Nadtochiy
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

Dynamics of implied volatility surfaces

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Cont ◽  
José da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

CURRENCY DERIVATIVES UNDER A MINIMAL MARKET MODEL WITH RANDOM SCALING

2005 ◽  
Vol 08 (08) ◽  
pp. 1157-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID HEATH ◽  
ECKHARD PLATEN
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Stochastic Volatility Model ◽  
Market Model ◽  
European Options ◽  
Bessel Processes ◽  
Exchange Rate Dynamics ◽  
Volatility Model ◽  
Minimal Market Model ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

This paper uses an alternative, parsimonious stochastic volatility model to describe the dynamics of a currency market for the pricing and hedging of derivatives. Time transformed squared Bessel processes are the basic driving factors of the minimal market model. The time transformation is characterized by a random scaling, which provides for realistic exchange rate dynamics. The pricing of standard European options is studied. In particular, it is shown that the model produces implied volatility surfaces that are typically observed in real markets.

WEIGHTED MONTE CARLO: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR CALIBRATING ASSET-PRICING MODELS

2001 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO AVELLANEDA ◽  
ROBERT BUFF ◽  
CRAIG FRIEDMAN ◽  
NICOLAS GRANDECHAMP ◽  
LUKASZ KRUK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Term Structure ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Forward Rate ◽  
Exotic Options ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

A general approach for calibrating Monte Carlo models to the market prices of benchmark securities is presented. Starting from a given model for market dynamics (price diffusion, rate diffusion, etc.), the algorithm corrects price-misspecifications and finite-sample effects in the simulation by assigning "probability weights" to the simulated paths. The choice of weights is done by minimizing the Kullback–Leibler relative entropy distance of the posterior measure to the empirical measure. The resulting ensemble prices the given set of benchmark instruments exactly or in the sense of least-squares. We discuss pricing and hedging in the context of these weighted Monte Carlo models. A significant reduction of variance is demonstrated theoretically as well as numerically. Concrete applications to the calibration of stochastic volatility models and term-structure models with up to 40 benchmark instruments are presented. The construction of implied volatility surfaces and forward-rate curves and the pricing and hedging of exotic options are investigated through several examples.

The Price of the Smile and Variance Risk Premia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Gruber ◽  
Claudio Tebaldi ◽  
Fabio Trojani
Keyword(s):  
Term Structure ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Risk Premia ◽  
State Variables ◽  
State Spaces ◽  
State Process ◽  
Joint Dynamics ◽  
Variance Risk ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

Using a new specification of multifactor volatility, we estimate the hidden risk factors spanning S&P 500 index (SPX) implied volatility surfaces and the risk premia of volatility-sensitive payoffs. SPX implied volatility surfaces are well-explained by three dependent state variables reflecting (i) short- and long-term implied volatility risks and (ii) short-term implied skewness risk. The more persistent volatility factor and the skewness factor support a downward sloping term structure of variance risk premia in normal times, whereas the most transient volatility factor accounts for an upward sloping term structure in periods of distress. Our volatility specification based on a matrix state process is instrumental to obtaining a tractable and flexible model for the joint dynamics of returns and volatilities, which improves pricing performance and risk premium modeling with respect to recent three-factor specifications based on standard state spaces. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Modeling of implied volatility surfaces of nifty index options

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Dash
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Strike Price ◽  
Index Options ◽  
Put Options ◽  
Call Options ◽  
Merton Model ◽  
Implied Volatility Surface ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Volatility Surface ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces

The implied volatility of an option contract is the value of the volatility of the underlying instrument which equates the theoretical option value from an option pricing model (typically, the Black–Scholes[Formula: see text]Merton model) to the current market price of the option. The concept of implied volatility has gained in importance over historical volatility as a forward-looking measure, reflecting expectations of volatility (Dumas et al., 1998). Several studies have shown that the volatilities implied by observed market prices exhibit a pattern very different from that assumed by the Black–Scholes[Formula: see text]Merton model, varying with strike price and time to expiration. This variation of implied volatilities across strike price and time to expiration is referred to as the volatility surface. Empirically, volatility surfaces for global indices have been characterized by the volatility skew. For a given expiration date, options far out-of-the-money are found to have higher implied volatility than those with an exercise price at-the-money. For short-dated expirations, the cross-section of implied volatilities as a function of strike is roughly V-shaped, but has a rounded vertex and is slightly tilted. Generally, this V-shape softens and becomes flatter for longer dated expirations, but the vertex itself may rise or fall depending on whether the term structure of at-the-money volatility is upward or downward sloping. The objective of this study is to model the implied volatility surfaces of index options on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), India. The study employs the parametric models presented in Dumas et al. (1998); Peña et al. (1999), and several subsequent studies to model the volatility surfaces across moneyness and time to expiration. The present study contributes to the literature by studying the nature of the stationary point of the implied volatility surface and by separating the in-the-money and out-of-the-money components of the implied volatility surface. The results of the study suggest that an important difference between the implied volatility surface of index call and put options: the implied volatility surface of index call options was found to have a minimum point, while that of index put options was found to have a saddlepoint. The results of the study also indicate the presence of a “volatility smile” across strike prices, with a minimum point in the range of 2.3–9.0% in-the-money for index call options and of 10.7–29.3% in-the-money for index put options; further, there was a jump in implied volatility in the transition from out-of-the-moneyness to in-the-moneyness, by 10.0% for index call options and about 1.9% for index put options.

scholarly journals Between ℙ and ℚ: The ℙℚ Measure for Pricing in Asset Liability Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van Dijk ◽  
Cornelis de Graaf ◽  
Cornelis Oosterlee
Keyword(s):  
Option Pricing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Asset Liability Management ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Liability Management ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
Implied Volatility Surfaces ◽  
The Impact

Insurance companies issue guarantees that need to be valued according to the market expectations. By calibrating option pricing models to the available implied volatility surfaces, one deals with the so-called risk-neutral measure Q , which can be used to generate market consistent values for these guarantees. For asset liability management, insurers also need future values of these guarantees. Next to that, new regulations require insurance companies to value their positions on a one-year horizon. As the option prices at t = 1 are unknown, it is common practice to assume that the parameters of these option pricing models are constant, i.e., the calibrated parameters from time t = 0 are also used to value the guarantees at t = 1 . However, it is well-known that the parameters are not constant and may depend on the state of the market which evolves under the real-world measure P . In this paper, we propose improved regression models that, given a set of market variables such as the VIX index and risk-free interest rates, estimate the calibrated parameters. When the market variables are included in a real-world simulation, one is able to assess the calibrated parameters (and consequently the implied volatility surface) in line with the simulated state of the market. By performing a regression, we are able to predict out-of-sample implied volatility surfaces accurately. Moreover, the impact on the Solvency Capital Requirement has been evaluated for different points in time. The impact depends on the initial state of the market and may vary between −46% and +52%.

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