Ironies, Inconsistencies, and Intercollegiate Athletics: Title IX, Title VII, and Statistical Evidence of Discrimination

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl C. Dudley, Jr. ◽  
George A. Rutherglen
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Title Vii

scholarly journals If You Build It, “They/Them” Will Come: The Misgendering of Transgender Nonbinary Athletes Is Discrimination on the Basis of Sex

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-334
Author(s):  
Kelli Rodriguez Currie
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Civil Rights Act ◽  
Inclusive Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Interpretation

This article provides necessary context to adequately engage in a discussion about transgender and nonbinary individuals, including defined terms. It then provides a brief history of Title IX, articulates the requirements for compliance with the statute, and discusses its application to transgender athletes. Next, this article provides an overview of Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the recent statutory analysis of its prohibition on employment discrimination because of sex in Bostock v. Clayton County extends that analysis to the statutory language of Title IX, and summarizes the recent interpretation by the Department of Education applying that analysis to Title IX. The article then discusses the implications of the persistent misgendering of transgender nonbinary athletes and argues that only by allowing all athletes to compete as their true gender will the inclusive goals of Title IX be realized. The article concludes that the requirements for Title IX compliance are not inclusive of transgender nonbinary athletes and contradictory to the prohibition on discrimination on the basis of sex articulated by the statute itself. The article proposes several necessary changes to the language of those requirements for compliance and argues that the Department of Education must make changes in its interpretation toward more inclusive language to truly achieve the goals of Title IX.

Unraveling the Ivory Fabric: Institutional Obstacles to the Handling of Sexual Harassment Complaints

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Kihnley
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
University System ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Shed Light

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 make universities liable for sexual harassment that occurs within both the employment and academic contexts. This article examines how universities implement and enforce the mandates of both Title VII and Title IX through exploratory research about sexual harassment complaint procedures at a public university system on the West Coast. In-depth interviews with personnel at each campus shed light on problems with inserting a complaint resolution process into an institution that simultaneously strives to eliminate sexual harassment, while wanting to protect itself from liability. This inherent conflict of goals is reflected in the differing roles of the Title IX office and the Women's Resource Center, in creation of a user friendly policy, and in the two branches of dispute resolution.

Travelers on the Title IX Compliance Highway: How Are Ohio’s Colleges and Universities Faring?

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Staurowsky ◽  
Heather Lawrence ◽  
Amanda Paule ◽  
James Reese ◽  
Kristy Falcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Junior Colleges ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The State ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Athletic Programs ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic Programs

As a measure of progress, the experiences today of women athletes in the state of Ohio are far different from those attending institutions of higher learning just after the passage of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972. But how different, and how much progress has been made? The purpose of this study was to assess the level of progress made by compiling and analyzing data available through the Equity in Athletics Disclosure reports filed by 61 junior colleges, four year colleges, and universities in the State of Ohio over a four year span of time for the academic years 2002-2006.2 The template for this study was the report completed by the Women’s Law Project examining gender equity in intercollegiate athletics in colleges and universities in Pennsylvania (Cohen, 2005), the first study of its kind. Similar to that effort, this study assesses the success with which intercollegiate athletic programs in Ohio have collectively responded to the mandates of Title IX in areas of participation opportunities and financial allocations in the form of operating budgets, scholarship assistance, recruiting and coaching.3

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