Closing Loopholes in the Accounting of Convertible Debt and the Impact of Call Features

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Lewis ◽  
Patrick Verwijmeren
Keyword(s):  
Convertible Debt ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Contingent Convertible Debt: The Impact on Equity Holders

Risks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Boursicot ◽  
Geneviève Gauthier ◽  
Farhad Pourkalbassi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Convertible Debt ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Contingent Convertible Debt ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

Contingent Convertible (CoCo) is a hybrid debt issued by banks with a specific feature forcing its conversion to equity in the event of the bank’s financial distress. CoCo carries two major risks: the risk of default, which threatens any type of debt instrument, plus the exclusive risk of mandatory conversion. In this paper, we propose a model to value CoCo debt instruments as a function of the debt ratio. Although the CoCo is a more expensive instrument than traditional debt, its presence in the capital structure lowers the cost of ordinary debt and reduces the total cost of debt. For preliminary equity holders, the presence of CoCo in the bank’s capital structure increases the shareholder’s aggregate value.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Performance Following Convertible Debt Offerings: Does The Design Matter?

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Khalid El Badraoui ◽  
Jamal Ouenniche
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Convertible Bonds ◽  
Convertible Debt ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Timing Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper examines the impact of convertible debt design on the long-run stock price performance of the issuing firms in France. More specifically, we divide French convertible bonds (CBs) into three categories; namely, debt-like, mixed, and equity-like CBs, based on their total conversion probability, which integrates the possibility of early exercise of the call feature. In line with previous empirical studies, our results show that French CB issuers experience a substantial increase in their stock price profitability before the offering followed by significant under-performance over the three year post-issue event window. However, the breakdown of our sample into three groups of CBs depending on their design reveals, on one hand, a strong evidence of stock price run-up before the offering only for equity-like and mixed CBs. On the other hand, the post-issue performance is worse only for equity-like issuers, indicating that the post-issue performance is poorer the more the convertible debt issuer's stock is over-valued prior to the offering. This finding is consistent with the market timing hypothesis.</p>

A Bargain $60 Million Company for $240: A Case Examining the Impact of Convertible Debt, Warrants, and Anti-Dilution Provisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Tatiana Churyk ◽  
Paul de Lange ◽  
Stephani Mason ◽  
Guy M. Gross ◽  
Robert Stoettner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Convertible Debt ◽  
Public Company ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

ABSTRACT This case presents graduate and advanced-level accounting students with the task of analyzing U.S. GAAP warrant accounting concepts in the context of Bohn Industries, a company that after a decade as a public company was in financial distress. Faced with shrinking demand and poor economic conditions in the housing construction business, Bohn was forced to access the private equity market to raise much-needed capital to continue its operations. The consequences of the investor protection clauses inherent in the loan agreements provide a useful lens to explore the implications and eventual takeover of Bohn for $240 plus the original borrowing, a bargain for a company with $60,000,000 in net assets. Besides encouraging students to research the technical aspects of U.S. GAAP relative to the accounting treatment of the loan, the case study provides insights into how accounting decisions are integral to the broader business environment. Specifically, the case highlights the conflation of economic consequences and aspects of contract law within specific provisions of the loan agreement in relation to anti-dilution stock provisions and preferential conversion clauses. Students will learn that accountants should act as business advisors, which requires the integration of knowledge from a range of disciplines. Students learn about due diligence relative to understanding the risks involved in certain contract clauses.

The impact of convertible debt financing on investment timing

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 2407-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Yagi ◽  
Ryuta Takashima
Keyword(s):  
Debt Financing ◽  
Convertible Debt ◽  
Investment Timing ◽  
The Impact

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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