scholarly journals Ad Valorem versus Unit Taxes: Monopolistic Competition, Heterogeneous Firms, and Intra-Industry Reallocations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp J. H. Schröder ◽  
Allan Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Unit Taxes ◽  
Ad Valorem

scholarly journals Tax efficiency in a model of endogenous markups

SERIEs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Esra Durceylan
Keyword(s):  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Ad Valorem Tax ◽  
Unit Taxes ◽  
Efficiency Comparison ◽  
Ad Valorem

Abstract Efficiency comparison of ad valorem and unit taxes has been traditionally based on consumer welfare. However, if the tax instrument also affects the distribution of firms over their productivities, the policy maker may be concerned about the implications on aggregate productivity as well. This paper makes an efficiency comparison of ad valorem and unit taxes by allowing the distribution of firms to respond to changes in policy. First, I make an efficiency comparison in a model with monopolistically competitive firms that are homogenous with respect to their productivity levels. Consumer preferences exhibit love for variety and allow firms to adjust their markups. I find that ad valorem tax is more efficient. Allowing for firm heterogeneity overturns this result at high revenue requirements. As the tax rate increases, ad valorem tax causes excessive exit of firms which makes the market more competitive. Hence, few surviving firms price lower by decreasing their markups. Lower prices decrease the tax revenue collected. As a result under ad valorem tax regime, higher consumer surplus is dominated by lower tax revenue. On the other hand, production is concentrated among relatively more productive firms. Thus, aggregate productivity is higher under ad valorem tax regime.

Ad Valorem and Unit Taxes Compared

1953 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Suits ◽  
R. A. Musgrave
Keyword(s):  
Unit Taxes ◽  
Ad Valorem

A Pareto comparison of ad valorem and unit taxes in noncompetitive environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Skeath ◽  
Gregory A. Trandel
Keyword(s):  
Unit Taxes ◽  
Ad Valorem

A comparison of Ad valorem and per unit taxes in regulated monopolies

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Wei Yang ◽  
John Anthony Fox
Keyword(s):  
Unit Taxes ◽  
Ad Valorem
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