National Judges and Supranational Laws on the Effective Application of the EC Law and the ECHR: The Case of Cyprus

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Kyriakou
Keyword(s):  
Effective Application ◽  
Ec Law

EC Law on Financial Markets

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Xavier Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Ec Law

scholarly journals Contribution of Cyanotoxins to the Ecotoxicological Role of Lichens

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dobri Ivanov ◽  
Galina Yaneva ◽  
Irina Potoroko ◽  
Diana G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.

Effective Application of Magnetic Material Based on Metamaterial Absorber

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 907-912
Author(s):  
Hui Bin Zhang ◽  
Li Wei Deng ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Pei Heng Zhou ◽  
Jian Liang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Wire Array ◽  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Metamaterial Absorber ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Perfect Absorption ◽  
Effective Application

We simulate, fabricate and measure a microwave absorber by introducing metamaterial design method to magnetic material. The proposed absorber is composed of periodic copper wire array, magnetic material coated on copper wires, a foam substrate and a bottom metal plane. The results show a nearly perfect absorption peak around 8.7GHz (simulated) and 7.6GHz (measured). Even though the electric and magnetic field distribution indicate that the absorption is a typical metamaterial absorption, the power loss is neither Ohmic nor dielectric loss but magnetic loss, which is different from typical metamaterial absorber. The skillful introduction of the magnetic loss improves the absorption performance, including the absorption bandwidth and intensity. The designed absorber shows an effective application of the magnetic material, which is only 1/60000 volume proportion of the total absorber. Dependences of the absorption on frequency and the coating volume of the magnetic material manifest that the coated magnetic material can adjust the absorption peak position and intensity. The absorber can be an attractive candidate of electromagnetic wave absorber.

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